Full text of "A new voyage to the North; containing, a full account of Norway; the Laplands, both Danish, Swedish and Muscovite; of Borandia, Siberia, Samojedia, Zembla and Iseland; with the description of the religion and customs of these several nations"

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f I

L.'

ANEW

VOYAGE

T O T H E

NORTH:

CONTAINING,

A Full Account of Norway ; the Lap-
lands, both Damjb^ Smdijb and Muf-
covite ; OFBorandia, Siberia,
Samojedia, Zembla andlSELAND:
With the Defcription of the Religion and
Cuftoms of thefe feveral Nations.

To which is added,

A Particular Relation of the Court of the CX^A^'^
of the Religion and Cuftoms of the Mufcovites ,
and a Short Hiftory- of Muscovy.

Asic was takeaby

A French Gentleman who Refided there many Years.

Written by MonGeur * * *, Employed by the Com-
pany of Merchants, Trading to the North from
. Copenhagen,

'immm^mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm^mmmmmmm^mmmmmmmammmmmiamm^mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm

' Bota Hone into CngliflK

LONDON^ Printed for Thomas Hddgfon over agarnft
QrayS'lnn*Gate in Holbom^znd Anthony Barker at the
Vnicorn n€}it Serjeanth-Inn-Gatej Fleetftieet. 1706.

fiO^lvA^*,:.'.^, I''.<^>-^'^^

. » - ^ -

m »

- ^^'^tJz.^y

T O

S' Charles ThoroldJK!^,

Alderman and Sheriff

o F

I O UD N.

SIR,

I Have a long time been defirousto
let the World fee, that if Writers
of all kinds covet to D|dicate their
Labours to the Court, and thofe
who freiquent it ; it has not been for*
'J? want of Opportunities to fpeak well of
^thofe Gentlemen, who are the Support,
^and Ornament of this Antient and Ho«
^ nourable City,

A r In

The Dedication.

In the Days, when 'twas the Intcreft
of our Minifters to flatter the Corrupti-
on , and Debauchery of the People, to
prepare them for the Slavery to which
they were leading them , they began
their Attempts with decrying the City,
as knowing they could never gqin their
Ends while Trade flourifliM , and the
Citizens of London were thriving and
wealthy; for Wealth naturally (ighs af-
ter Liberty, and 'tis prepofterous for a
Slave to think lumfelffecure in his Pro*
perty, or indeed that he has any.

While London was rich and free,'twas
in vain for them to aim at enflaving the
reft of the Nation : They therefore firft
attackM the Virtues, which are the
Life of Trade, Induftry and Frugality,
believing that if they could make her
loofe, She would foon become poor,
and then they might manage her as they
thought fit, Poverty being eafily recon-
ciled to Bondage. The young Gentle,
men of England were bred up in Aver-
fion to Bufine(s and a Contempt of So-
briety, and imitating the Examples that
were fetthem , grew in love with Idle-
jiefs and Profufion^ which were fet off
as th^ only Signs of Gallantry, and Ho-
nour ; that when, by this Means, they
i^ad wafted their o\yn Fortunes, they

The Dedication;

might «be the lefs iallicitous to defend
thofe of other Men.

The Ridiculoufqefs of this Humour,
was as obvious, as the danger of it to
every .Thinking Man, for at the fame
time that the Citizens were laughM at
by the Men of Title and Precedence,
they courted them to give their Daugh-
teirs to their Sons, and their Sons to their
Daughters ; and yet very ingenioufly ri-
dicuPd thofe Alliances, which were the
Props of their tottering Fortunes, when
they had (haken them by the Vices that
were then in Fafhion.

The Wife and the Good faw thro'
thtfe mifchievous Politicks, and only
the Silly, the Vain, and the Mad, were
imposM on by them. Thofe who had
no Money lik^d well enough to fee thofe
that had it renderM defpicable, and the
Jeft went round, till it had almoft fpread
thro' the whole Kingdom, and our Reli-
gion and Liberties were going together.
This was what was aimM at, and had
thofe wretched Politicians had as much
Cunning as Luck, we might not fo
eafily have favM our felves from the
Riiin that threatned us.

With Liberty the People of EngUnd
recovef d the Ufe of their Reafoiif and

A 4 were

The Dedication.

were no longer to be deceivM by falfc
Wit and fooliflb Raillery. They faw
what Help thofe Citizens, whom they
had cpntemn'd, was to them, when their
41^ lay at Stake , and have fcen what
Affiftance they have given towards car-
rying on a long and expenfive War.
Without them the Fate ox Europe might
eVe this , have been decided, Lewis have
poffefPd fhe Vniverfd Mondrchy^ the
Seine.^ as that Boalter lately causM her to
be reprefented, have held the Thames
in Chains under her Feet.

But the Thames fhall triumph over
her, and our QUEEN thebeftand
greateft Prince in the World, by Her
Piety and Government, has fhewn fo
much the Beauty and Advantage of Vir-
tue and Frugality, that they will never
more be theSubje£l: of the Scoffer; and
Trade will always be reckon^ the main
Support of the Strength and Glory of

'Tis for the Merchant then that every
good EngliJb^M ought to pray, as well
as for the Hero, fince we do not morp
depend on the Bravery of our Arms,
than on the Continuance and Encreafe
of our Coipmerce. If you Gentlemen of
jhe City have the particular Profit , the

whole

The Dedication.

whole Kingdom (hares in the general:
^ Her Fleets, which are the Terror and
Safety of Nations, are maintainM by
yours, and without you Her Armies
could not often aft with the Speed that
is neceffary for Conqueft. To be a Ci-
tizen of Romt was a Title much higher
than any our Heralds can furnifli us
with ; and to be a Citizen of London
would be as glorious, were the Englifb
Empire and the Englijb Virtue as great

But, Sir, I forget I am talking to one of
the Firft Magiftrates of this Famous
City, whofe Security and Peace lye fo
immediately under your Care. I fhould
have confiderM that as you are a Man
of Bufinefs, nothing can be more imper-
tinent to you than long Epiftles; and I
muft therefore finifli this with hearty
Prayers , for the Profperity both of the
Publick and Private Affiiirs that are fal-
len to your Lot, that they may be as
happy as they are important.

I might add to this a fhining Chara*
fterof your Merit as a Merchant, a Gen-
tl^au) and a Magiftrate ; of your 2Leal
fdrHer Majefty's Service, and the true
Welfare of your Country ; of your Hu-
manity and Generofity, and wliatever

. ^ elfe

.'iV«

The Dedication.

etfe is detirable in a great and a good
Man : But I muft deny my felf that
Pleafure out of Refpeft: to yours. To
thofe who know you fuch an Addition
will be needlels ; To thofe who do not
the Truth may appear like Flattery, and
even the Appearance of that would be
ofFenfive. Flattery is only acceptable in
a Place which pretends to be more re-
finM ; In the City *tis like falfe Coyn
and has no Currency.

I fliouM now fay fometKing of the
Treatife I prefume to addrefs to you,but
that wouM look like making my Opini-
on a Rule for yours, wherefore I leave it
%o your Judgment and Candour.

Some Perfons who fet up for Nice in
Relations of this Kind, are very wary of
believing any thing out of their Know*
ledge ; and fuch may obje£t againft the
Credit of our Author, from the Novelty
and Strangenefs of his Adventures. But
as the Countries he defcribes are almofl
entirely unknown to the Southern Parts
of Europe^ (o the barbarous Manners and
Cuftomsof the Inhabitants of thofe Nor-
thern Regions, may very well furpr^ :
Yet 'tis unfair to judge from thence,fll^t
the Account he gives of 'em is not true.
No Man has (reated of this Subjed^ but

con-

The Dedication.

confirms moft of what he fays ; he having
been on the Sdot himfelf, his own Au-
thority is the Deft we can have in a thing
of this Nature.

One of the moft extraordinary Pafla-
ges in his Book , is his Travelling above
Two Hundred Miles in lefs than Twenty
four Hours, thro' the Wilds of Laflani
and B<nrMdi^ in Sledges drawn by Rain-
Deers. To me this feemM at firft very
unaccountable ;. and yet when I lookM
into other Relations of the North, I
found they agreed with him in a great
Meafure. fiven- the Great Mr. Cambden
in the Third Book of hisHiftory of Queen
Eliz^bethy fpQzking of Sir Jeremy Bowes^s
return from his EmbafTy into Mufcovy^
has thefe Expreffions: He was the firfi
wh^ brought it^o England the Beafi called
Machlis/^wer beforefeen here : '^Tis like a^
Elk, in Latin Alee, having no Joints in its
Legs and jet wonderful fmft. He broHght
0^0 certain fallow- Deer s of admirable fwift*
nefsy which being yok^d together^ wou^ddraw
d Man fttini in a Sledge with incredible
Sfeed.

I hope the whole Voyage, will en-
tertain you in your Hours of Leifure,
jf any of yours can properly be fo calPd,

apd

The Dedication.

and Treatio^ of Commerce , that yoU
will not refufeit the Honour of Your
Protedioa I am

SIR,

WithaU imaginable Refpea,

Yaur tft^ Obedient dtfd

moft HmhU Servstetf

••t

V» • . . . « X I . ■ • * • *^

THE

CONTENTS

Of the feveral Chapters.

H A P. I. The jiuth^r embarh at Copca-
^ hagcn, and arrives at Berghea in Nor-
way. Of the Mawers fjT the Norwegians,
and his Jonrney to the King of Denmark's
Confer and Silver Minos. Page. i.

Chap. 11. Of the Author's emharking at Droa-
them, the Danger of Sailing in the North-
. Sea^ his Arrival at Varangar in the Danilh
Lapland ; and of the Afanners^'ways of Livings
- Super fiitJon and Drefsofthe Danilh- Laplaa-
ders. P- ^'i.

Chap. III. Ofthe Author^ Jonrney by Land^
from Varangar r* Monrmanskcimore^ in the
Mufcovite^Lapland ; ^d the manner. ofTra^
velUng there in Sledges, drawn by Rain-Deer s :
. An Account of the Kilops, rfef Mufcovitc-
Laplandcrs, the City oj Kola, and the Trade
of thofe Parts, P-34-

Chap. IV: Of the Author's depa^tttre from Kola :
Of the Funeral Ceremonies of the Lapland-
Mufcovites :. Qf their Womtfs Work i of their
Hantingy Md other Particular^ relating to •
them : Of his Return to Varangar, his Am*
vrf/ iir Borandia, with an Account of thf ^o-

npdians ^. P- +5'

Chap. V.

The Contents.

Chap. V. The ^Hther trnveh frvm Vit^pra in

"^ Borandia, t^ Pcttora inMv&orjx Of the
Ttddi oF that Province \ tlis JoHrney into Si-
beria, fart of Mufcovy in Aii) : He meets
with five Gentlemen banifh^d by the Czar for
felting of Sables. Their Advent isres^ smd Mir
ftries. ' P-*i77»

Chap. VI Of the Nature of the RufOaas j their
Contemft of the Sciences : Of their Oergy^their
Liturgy J their Churches^ Devotion , Marrtd*
ges^ and their Crueky to their Wives. Of the
Czarifla or Emfrefs^ the manner of the Czar's
choofing a Pfife ^ and of the Emperor^s ChiU
dren. ' p. 97.'

Chap. VII. Of the Patriarchs : Of the Burials
among the Raffians : Of their excejjive De^

^ hduches in the Camaval time : Of their Ima^
ges J their Funifhment of Heretich : Of the
Liberty of the Monks and Nuns : Of their Mu^
fick and Dancing, p. 11 4.

Cbap. VIII. Of the Circaffiaas 419^ Coflacks:

(^ the Laws and Government of thoMntcom
vites : O/rJbrRoflian Letters^d their manner
of Writing: The Char alter of the Emferor
Alexis Micbaelowitz ; mtb a Comparifon be^
tween him and his Anceftors and of his
Wars. p. 125.

Chap. IX. The Rife and Progrefi of the tiuBaa
Empire ; Of the Family of the QzM : Of John
B^SXomVi, furnam'd the Tyrant ^ HisCon^
quefls^ his Humours^ his f^eneration for Queen
Elizabeth 4^ England : He joyns himfeifwith
a CompMf of RMers t Of the Etymology of
the Word Ctm^ the Emperor^s Wives ^ hss
Diet^ Recreations^ Fijits^ and tbe,CZAToidgt
er Heir jtfpnrentn p. 133.

Cbap.X.

^«

The Contents.

dap. X. Of the Czar's Rtvenues^ of his Cmrt,^
. Jewels oodCleMhsy of the Empreffes mtd Ls-
dies of Hen^r^s AffareL Hox9 they travel ,
Of the Manners and LanglMge of the RuffianSf
with the difference between them and ether Na-
tions : Of their PHniJhments m Criminal Cafes\
An Infiance of it , Of their Ignorance and Ide^
iatry^ and their FenerMion for St.llichoU^,

page 145.

Chap. XL Of the ?o\mitx^ their Lt^s aU
^"i^i ^/^*^ P^9c and Plica fre^Htmatmng
them\ Of their Treaties ^ with a Comforifon
between the Rufliaa and Polifll Langn^^es.

page 159.*

Chap. XIL Of the Imperial Family of Roffia^
ef the chief Favourites ^ and . ACnlfiers^ of
the MdnnfaElnres fet up by the Emperor and
E^prefs : Of the Trade of Rvtmti, of BngliOi
Cloth^ and what means the Dutch- make ufe
of to ruine the Engltfll Commerce and fettle
their own p. 1^4

Chap. XIII. Of Syberia and its Inhabitants ;

, OfC^iiax^y of theS^mol^di^^mdjheir.Bar*
barityj, and of fever al firange Birds and
Plants. p. 18?

Chap. mW. A Jhcrt Account of T^rtaty : Of
their Marches^ thprbarbarvuj-jPiets^^^ of the
Cblmacks; and offoM^ forts of Mufhrooms
growing in KvSR^. p« 195

Chap. 5kV. Of the Anthor^s Departure from the
Exiles, and his Arrival at Papioogorod :
€/ hit departure 'thence^ ami his ArrivaiiH
Samojeda, with a Defcription of the Country^
Trade J and the Inhabitants. p. 202 .

Chap. XVI. Of the Author's Arrived at Zicm-
. bla ; Of the Zcmbliaas and their Idol f^tizo :

■ Of

The Contents*

Oftlii ScHfvy frequent in thofe parts : Offifh-
ivg fer the Sea-Horfe, mi the danger in doing

it. p i^4

Chap. XVII. Of the beUnefs •/ the Bears on
theCoajt •/Zcmbla ; Of the taking two Zem-
blians in 4 Canoe \ an Account of jtrangc
Birds^ dnd of the inhabitants of that //land.

page 224.
CHAP. XVIII. Of the Author's Return and his
jtrrivaldt Greenland ; Of the Herring-fifhery*^
Of a Storm and Meteors *j Of his Journey to
H^cla \ Of tho Manners^ Cufioms^ and Sff
ferJHtions of the Jfelanders ^ and his Arrival at

Copeniiaguen: P- 233

Chap. XIX. Of the Vnicortiy Of the f^irtues of
its Horn ; RofioQions on the Map and charts
of the Norths and the Errors Committed by
Ceograph^s[in their placing of Ztlbbla^Green-

land) n/^^ Saaiojedia.

The End of the Contents*

tfmmmm

•r

C )

tf ■ J I
'I

VO Y A G E

TO THE

NORTH.

• ^ • . • •* • • •

The Amhdr Embark^ at Copedhaged .
and arrives at Berghcn i« Nor-
way. Of the Manners of the
;Norwegiads^ and bis Journey to
the King of Dedmaik'/ Copper
and.Sil'ver-Miiies.

•^. INGE my defign in this TrccV
tife IS to defcribe only the Coun-
tries lying to the North, I fhall
confine my Difcourfc to thofe
things that relate to the Manners, Cu-

B. (loms

r '

A Voyage to the Norto.

Cuftoms and Trade of the Northern PcO'^
pie of Europe^ and take no notice of the
feveral Voyages that I have made to A^
frick and the India. The World has al-
ready fcen divers compleat Relations of
thofe Parts, and my Obfervations are fo
little different from the many Accounu
tliat have been given of Afta and Afrjcfy
that they are not worth the Readers p«r-
ufal. What I ftiall treat of in the fol-
lowing Pages is entirely New, and the
Remarks are fuch as no Traveller has yet
made on the Northcra Natioiis-

About the year 1647, Fnd^rick HI.
King of Denmdrk being defirous to ad-
vajocfi and increafe the Trade of bis King*
dom, eftabliftiM two Companies of Mer«
chants at Cofenhagef$y his Capital City,
the one was an IfeUnd Company, and the
other a Company of Traders to the North.
The latter having obferv^d that the Trade
to Norway was very beneficial to them,
obligM an that were concerned in that
Company to Sign a Petition to bis Da^
z?//Z? Majefty in FebruAry 1655, reprefent-
ing that a great Profit would arife to his
Subjects by encouraging that Trade more,
and enabling them to enlarge it by mak-
ing further Difcoveries in the North,
from whence feveral rich Merchandizes
might be imported. -

His

' ^ Voy^gt to the Northl ' ^

' ilis'Nfajefty hearknM to their, rcqueft,
granted k, and allow^^d them to extend
their Coaimerces as far Northward as
the Society fhould think fit, upon which
they fitted, out ieveral Ships to undertake
a Voyage to Norivay and the North. It
^ happened I was at Copenhagen^ when one
of the Northern Fleet were Outward-
bound, and underftanding the King had
commanded the Undertakers of this En-
terprize tp make all poflSble Difcoveries
of the Cbuntries to whidi they came,
and to bring back the moft rare Curio-
fities that they could find there, I took
a Fancy to the Voyage : One of the Com-
pany bciftg my Friend, I went to him^
defir'd him to recommend me to his Part-
ners, as a Pcrlbn QuaHfyM to go Surgeon^
of one oi the Ships. 'Twas not diffiealt
for him to fucceed in procuring that
Employment, the Company entertained
me as luch ^nd I entred into their Ser-'
vice.

All our Merchandize,Provirions andNe-
ceflaries being aboard,weembarkM all of
us that intended tomake theVoyage,in the
beginning of Jpril f6jo. We weighM
Anchor, and fct Sail with two Ships in
our Company, and fair Wind and Wea-^'
ther from the Port of Copenhageff.yVc had
a frefh Gale , at South-Eaft till we arrived
at JKji Gal^ VL'Strcight which divides tte

A Voyage to the North.

GermaaOcean from the BaIfick*Sed. *Tis
a very dangerous PafFage, full of Rocks
and is forty Leagues in length from Elfcr
nore to Schagerhort. - . '

When we came over againlt MielfirMd^
a little City and Sea-Port, about thirty
Leagues from Cd?/^;^^4rge/;, the Wind turn'd
Northward, drove us l^ckten Leagues^ ^
and forcM us to make fome Port on the
Coaft. The fir ft we came to we put into,
and that was SchaHot a Creek, where we
caft Anchor, and rode fafe under the Ca-
ftle, which lookM rather Uke a heap of
Ruins than a place that was inhabited.
'Tis famous only for its Promontory, well
known to Mariners who ufe the Bdtick--
Seas. We ftaid there near three Days, on
the fourth an Hour before Sun-rifing,
the Wind fhifted again to the Eaft, fo
we hoifted Anchor to proceed on our
Voyage.

We had aot been at Sea above four
Hours, before the Wind reerM to the
North-Eaft, and blew fo ftiff a gale that
we were oblig'd to leave the Coaft of
Gottenburg^ on which Shoar we were
t!;en, and to make direQly over to that
oi \jutUnd. The Sands being frequent
and Ihallow on thofe parts, we were 06-
JigM to ,be ainioft always cafting out
our Plammet.^ As we failed along this
. Coaft, a guft of Wind drove us to a

place

A Voyage to the North. j^

pUjCe where there wer6 but three Fa-
thom ?nd half Water, and we fhould cer-
taioly have run a-ground, had not our Pi^
lot, who was a very dextyous Seaman,
immedisitejly tack'd about, when getting
the adsrantage of the, "^ind, in half :aii
Hoiir we founded fifteen Fathom Water.
*By the help of a fide-Wind we held on
our - way for near two Leagues from
jflje Sands we were like to run up-
oa. Here we found our felves in an ^
Eddy, wJtiere we were as fteady as if
WjB had been at Anchor. We prefendy
fiirl!d all our Sails except our Fore-Mafl:,
endeavouring to keep our felves opt of
it, but all our endeavours would have
Been in vaiq, had nqt the Wind vcerM
a point or two to the §outh-South-Eaft.
We^tjien JppsM oyr Sails, got through
4, t^e.VVind blowing frcfh, and fail'd
iowards the Coafts of Bah^s. We con^
tinuM^our couife fe vera] Days and Nights
with, plcafurcj and aftej^wards about 8
a Clock . one IVIorning difcoverM . the
Promontory pf Qhrijlian-^and in Norwa^y..
^The Village that gives name to the Moun-
tain is fmall, the I^ort howej/er is com-
.niodious. We did not ftay long there, for
the next Day we arriv'd at Ckrijliam or
Vhjlo^ the (!^apital ([^ity of one of the five
(governments of that Kingdom,

B ? As

^ A Voyage to the Vorth.

Ai foon as we were got into Pbrt,
wc went adioar to deliver our Letters
to the Companies Agents there, Who
received us with joy- for the good News
we brought them, of' the Kings giving
encouragement to the Nomaj'Compznj
to make further Difcoveries and enlarge ,
their Trade in the North.

One of thefe Agents hearing I
was a Stranger, and had been recom-
mended to his Principals by one of their
Society, and not the leaft confiderablc
Merchant among them, was very Civil
to me, ftiew'd me all that was wordi
feeing, and told me all that was wwth
knowing, relating to the place at which
we were arrivM : He alfo commanded a
Servant of his, who fpoke Fremh tolera*
bly well, to go with me into the Coun-
try three or four Leagues^ that^nrirfit
fee more of what there was particular
in it. Early next Morning we took
Horfe, and rode to Wisfyy a large Vil-
lage nine Miles from ChriftunAy whicft
^ands between two Mountains. TTie
Houfes are very low, and built of Wood
without Iron- work or Windows. There
is a fort of Lattice on the top of the
Houfe to admit the Light, and they are
all cover'd with Turf,

Tlie

A Vdyage to the North:

The' Reader is defifM to take aotice^
that this is not Wisby the Capital Ci-
ty of GothUnd^ where the Marine Laws
Were made. •

The NormgUn l^eafants are fimple and
Very hofpitable. They are all Fifhermen,
their only Trade is m Herrings, Cod
Stdckfifh, and other Pifh, frelh, falted,
or dried. They are Slaves to the Nor
bilify.

The NorwegUn Women are very handr
fome,. though they are red-Hair'd, they
love Strangers, and are good Houfwives.
They fpin and make Cloth for their Far
miEes, they look after the Cattle, of
which there are great Numbers of all
iinds as in Frmce : There's alfo plenty of
Game rn this Country, as Elks, Stags,
iloebucks, Boars, Goats, Rabbits, Hare§,
all forts of Wild-Fowl, and Otters, Linx's,
and Wild-Cats of divers Colours^

iin Norway is a Mountainous Country,-
and confcquently Bread«Corn will not
grow there in any quantity, but the In-
habitants are abundantly fupply d from
Other parts by mpans of their Commerce ;
and 'what they want pf Corn-Groiu 4
is made up in Paftures and Woods.

As we were {returning towards ChrifJ^
Affia^ we met a Gentleman of the Neigh-
bourhood, followM by two Servants and
fome Dog's, going a Hunting, He kne\f

B 4 the

5 A Voytgt to the Nor/fe.

the Man that was with me, and askM
him if he would divert himfelf with an
Eik-Chace^ bidding him ask the* fame
queftion of me : We had time enough
upon our hands, fo we readily accepted his
propofal. After we had rid about a
Mile we met his Huntfman, fome other
of his Servants, and ten or twelve Boors,
who led us three Miles farther to a great
Wood full of Bufhcs. When we came to
the entrance of it we alight^, and
. gave our Horfes to one of his Doihe-^
fticks to take charge of. The Chace
had been prepared the Day before by
the Gentlemans VafTals, or rather Suth-
jefts, for the Nobility of Norwaj ^rtSo^
vereigns under the King in their own
Territories. We were fcarce forty Yards
within the Wood, when we perceivM
an Elk running towards us, but before
cither of us could fire a Peice, he dropt.
I ask'd of my Guide and Interpre-
ter, How the Beafi came to fall down aea4
in that manner ? He anfwer'd, ^was the
Nature of that Animal to he taken thus with
a kind of Tallii^g'Sicknefsy which often feiz^d
him in the beginning of the Ch^ce. I did
not ftand torefleft whether his fear might
contribute to his Diftemper, I feem'd to
doubt the truth of it, and thought it tp
be an accident which did not often hap-
pen. My.Guide affurM me of the conr
' ^ ' ^^ • ' trafy,

A Voyage to the Norths ^

trary, adding, th4f from this Difeaje they
were calPd ElKS or miferahle Creatures. The
Beaft is as big as a great Horfe, his Body
like ^ Stags, 'tis large arid longer •' his
Legs are long, his Feet broad and clo-
ven, his Antlers great, hairy and broad
like a Fallow-Deer s, but not fo well fur-
.nifh'd with Horns as a Stags. Had he
not dropt as he did, I believe 'twould
have been hard for us to have brought
him down, as I perceived foon after
when we had rouzM another, which wc
chasM above two Hpurs before we could
,catch him, and we had never caught
him had he not dropt down dead as the
other did. He killM three of the Gtn^
tlemans bcft Dogs with his fore-Feet. ;^
The Gentleman ft' as extreamly forry for '
the lofs of his Dogs, and would Hunt
iio" more. He fent to a Farm of his a
jyiile off, for '2L Cart to carry the Game
we had caught to his CafHe. We ac-
companied him thither at his Requeft,
Twas built like the reft in that Coun-
try, after an old falhionM manner; it
flood four Miles from Wishj and he treat- v
ed us there, very fplendidly.

My Guide telling the Lord of the Ca-
ftle that I was a frenchman employM by
the AVmiijf-Company 3t Copenhagen in the
Service we were going about, he made
rne aPrefent of the Hinder left Legs of the

I p A Voyage to the t^orth*

two Elks we had kiird, or father fciin
die of themfelves, giving me to under-
fbnd 'twas no fmall favour, thofe Legs
being an infallible Cure of the Falling-
Sicknefs. I replied by nnr Interpreter^
/ VH>ndar^d jince the root of an EOc had fa
much Virtue in it ^ why the Ammd
that carried Jt always about with him did
not Cure himfelf. The Gentleman re-^
flefting on what I had faid, laught out
aloud, and told me 1 was in the right ^ for
that he had given it to fever al Perfons af^
fiiSiedwith we fame Dijeafe^ and it did not
Cure them^ wherefore he had a long while
fufpeSfed (hat the pretended Virtue of the •
Elks Foot jwas a Vulgar mijlake ; of which^
he faid be did no more doubt than that the
eating of the Fle/b of that Beaji infeSted .
Feofle with their Difiemfer : He gave mQ
many Inftances of the bad effefts eat-
ing Elks Fleih had on Humane Bodies. I

anfwer'd, The Nails of thofe unhapfy Perr .
Jons would be a more Sovereign Cure in an
Efileffy^han thofe of the Elk.

The Gentleman obligM us to Lodge
with him that Night, and early the next
Morning, after wc had made a good
Preakfatt, we took jOur Leaves of him,
and returnM to Chrifiiana^ where we
itaid four or five Days, and having re^
ceived further Orders and DireSions
from the Companies Agents there, we

embarked,

A Voyage to thi Uortb* 1 1

cmbarkM, weigh'd Anchor, and made
the bell tw our way for ^eriben^ We had
a frelh gale at North-Eaft till we arrived
at Stif anger, where we were on a fudden
becalrtiM , and having nodiing elfe to
employ our felves about, we fell all to

Therc*s abundance of all forts of Fifli
on the Coafts of Norway ; wc got fuch
ftore by our Filhing, that wq were forc'd
to keep Lent a long while aftei:, being
unwilling to throw our.Fifli overboardl

The Calm lafted five Days, on the
fixth towards Evening it blew up a
brisk Gale South-Eaft, by which in a few
Days we reachM the Port whkher we
were bound, to unload the Merchandize
we had taken in for that place*
\ We Anchored in the Port of Berghen^
one of the fineftin Eur of e^ and when our
Cargo was unladen, 1 went to fee the
City, which i§ as large as Abbeville ; 'tis
divided into High .and Low-Town,
the one built on Roc^s, the other on the
Sea-fhoar. . 'Tis full of Afcrchants, audi
was formerly an Archbilhoprick, which
Was abolifli'd upon the Reformatioa of
Religion in the King oT Denmark^ Ter*
ritories. The Epifcopal Palace was gi*
ven to the iJiw-Towns, tlie pTincipal
of which are Hamburgh^ Lubeck ani Bre-^

p^en^ for (he Jnje^tick Merchants to dwell

in.

15 A Voyage to the Uorth.

10, and the greateft part qf the Houfe
was turnM into Warehoufes, from whence
they are CallM the Cloy fier^ and the Mer-
chants Mofgksy tho' they do not wear a
Cowl, nor obferve the Rules of any Or-
der. This Place in the Popilh Times be-
longed to a Convent adjoyning to the
Epifcopal Palace, and when 'twas grant-
cd to the Merchants Trading to and
ftom the Ham^Toivns^ the King obliged
them to keep up the form of a Religious
Houfe, fo far that no Body fhould Marry
*who livM in it: He that will have a
Wife mufl: leave the Clojjier and live
clfewhere ; hoXvevcr he fnay deal an4
correfpond with his Brethren, whofc
principal Trade is in Herrings, Cod and
Stockhfh, a Commodity that goes off
in great quantities in Mufcovjy Smden^
PoUndy Denmarky Germany y Holland an4
other "^zrtsoi Europe.

As foon as we had difchargM the C^r^
go we werer to deliver at Bergheny w?
weigh'd Anchor and fet fail for Dron-;'
them with a South-Eafterly Wind. We
were ta unlade abqve half of Our Load-
ing there ; 'twas corifignM to the Survey^
or of the Copper and Sil\^er-Mines, 'fqr
the ufe of the Workmen and Miners
whom he employ M in -that fervice, kn4
was a fupply of Bread" ?nd Beer.

• • •

y Vc

A Voyage t a the North. j^

. 'We were fcarce half-Way thither,
when the Wind blew fo ftiff, that ia
^fteen or fixteen Hours we found piir
pelves oyer againft Stora^ where it ceas'd
oa a fudden, . and the Storsn was fol*
JqwM b/aCalm^ the sioft uneafie' thing
an the World, to Mariners. VVe were
o|>lig'd to return to our fornjier I)iverfion,
af)4 f<^ fpend the time th^ we could not
tejli.^pw ;better to pafs it away than
in JPifeing. VVetookfucha prodigious
quantity oiKJif^Ffjb^ that we were fprc'd
to Salt and Barrel a great. part of them
up, and they were very ferviceable to us
in the courfe of our Voyage. KJip-Bfb
are a fort of Cod^ bigger than thofe of
NewfoHnd^Land\i\xty never leave theRocks
laying always upon them or under them,
from whence they are caird KJiP-FiJh in
the GermM Tongue, which fignifies Rock^
Fijb in ours.

The Calm held feveral Days, and then
theV Vind blew a frefh Gale Weft-South. .
Weft, which was fair for us, and in
threeDays we arrived at Drof^t hem. When
we came aftioarwe deliver'd our Letters
to the Survejor-Gemrd of the Mines.: By
thofe Letters the Surveyor was order'd
to unlade our Ships as faft.as pofTible
that we might purfue our Voyage. He
told us he could not go to work till the
Officers who were to receive the PjovLt

fions

ii|. A V^ag* to the North.

iions came back from the Mines^ whi-
ther they were gone about the Affairs of
thofc Works. We preft him to haften
our difchar ge^ arid he ofier'd to fend a
Mcffenger on purpofe to fetch an Officer
to unlade us. I defired leave of our Ma-
tter to accompany the MejQTenger, which
having obtainMy the next Day betimes
in the Nforning^ the SMrvfj$rs Man^ and
I mounted on Horfeback, and deptirted
for the Mines. When we came to Steck^
iy we were obligM to put up, the Night
coming on, and we had a long Wood
to go through, wherein were Boars,
Wolves and Linx's in great numbers,
very dangerous for Paflengers to encQiinp^
ter. The Road was fo Rocky that we
could reach no further in a whole Day,
tho* that Town was fcarce eighteen
Miles from Dronthem. The 'next Mdrn-
ing, before Sun-rifing, we left Steckby^
and proceeded towards the Mines ^ where
we arrived juft as 'twas Night, and
lodg'd at the Forges. V Ve were enter-
tained by the People who had the Charge
' of the Minesy according to the Cuftom
of the Country, with Tobacco, Beer and
Brandy. Our Hofts believM we would not
think our felves made welome, unlefs we
were made Drunk, and therefore plied us
f(p faft with Bumpers, that there was no
avoiding a Debauch. I met with an Of-
ficer

' A Voyage to tin Hortfj. I m

^^ tbsre i^ho fpoJis Fremh^ baviog
4»»iced upon a Norwegisn G^otleman io
J^4w^^ I told him tHat I CMUft out of
Cwjofity to fee the Mimi^ and I bfig*d
Impb' to leit me enter tjtem ; he psrpmi^'d
I (hould do it 00 the Morrow^ zxA
after two Hours Dr iokiog »ad Taikipg^
.be perroitted roe to go to Bed.

The next I>ay as foon as it wasLigh^
<^« M^iOTeog^ t W came wiich me to dM

Mw/y poiied for Drcgttbem with one of
the Officers who were to receive the ?xo
vidoos we brought for the Miiwrs* I
was kft at the Houiie of a Mafl^-Micier,
who was to go to Dnmtlm9 the Day af^
%^y and I was glad of the opportuoity
of his Company, by which nieans I had
a whole Day to fpare to view the Mines
:and Miners. When I rofe, I went to
th$ Officer that ipoke Frenchy and he had
provided a Breakfaft for me and the Ma-
fter-M/wr my Landlord, whom he de* .
fif d to flacw mc the way down into the
Mimsy that I might fee them workM.

When we had Breakfefted, and 'ti?
obfcaTable tlut the Nwrmgiw^ are much
given to Drinking and good Chear, we
went fifty or fixty Paces from the forges^ ^
wliich are on a high Mountain : Tliere
we came to the mouth of one of the
Minesy over which was erefted a Ma-
chine like a Crane, turn'd by two Men

t6 ^ A Voyage to the Horth.

ifl two great Wheels, to draw up picc^
of the Mine, as Mafons draw Free-
ftone out of the Quarries near Pms^ or
Potters their Clay in many places in FvMce.
The Mafter-Miner and I were put into
a wooden Tub, and our Hands into I-
ron Bands faftned to it ; thus we defcend-
ed into the Mine above fifty Fathom deep.
When we got to the bottom of it, it,
lookM like Flutoh Kingdom ; there Wis
nothing to be feen all around but frightful
Caverns,flaming Fires;and Creatures morfc
like Devils than Men. They were cloathM
with black Leather- Jackets, each having
a Gamai^xxoh as our Pricfts in Frame wear
in the Winter : A piece of peaked Leathet
is tied about the Head of each Miner a
little above his Nofe, and hangs down
to his Breafk like a Muffler ; they havfc
all Aprons of the fame, according to the
Figure i.

Thefc Miners are conftantly and dif-
ferently employed ; fome ufe the Chifel^
fome tne Hmhet to knock out the Cop-
per-Stones h others are bufied to feek after
the Veins of Copper, or to found to try
if they can difcover any watry place,
""'which fometimes is hid in the Bowels <yf
the Earth, and breaking forth on afud-
den, drowns them all if they don't take
care.

the

A Voyage^ to the Notth. 1 7

"JThe Mafter-M'wr who defcendcd
#ith me into the M//^, perceiving I was
ftfraid, and that I was taken with a Cold-
Fit, rung a Bell, which was to give nd-
ici^ to the People above that they jDhould
3raw us up again.Accordingly we got uf)
ivith the fame eafe that we went down,
[ was very glad to breath the fercne Air,
tee from the unwholfome Damps of
hofe Subterranean Dwellings ; I had
feen enough to fatisfie my Curiofity, and •
;ouId I with lafety have ftaid longer
here was little more to be feen. We
K^ent to that Officers Houle who could
Difcburfe with me in my own Language,
(nd was entertained very handfomly and
;efleroufly by him, his Travelling ha-^
Hng rendrcd him more Polite than his
Brethren at the Mhes.
' After Dinner he ordered Horfes to be
pt ready for us to ride to the Silver-
dines. The Officer, the Mafter-M/V/er .
nd my felf went thither, where we
' raited on the Surveyor of the Works^
vho made us heartily welcome, prefent-
d each of us with a great Glafs full of
irandy, drank off one of the fame fizc

> fliew us the way, and then gaye us

4e fecond Courfe in the Normgian Col^

tion, Beer and Tobacco.

€ When

8 4 Voyage to the Hwtb.

When we had (mok'd and dvmk as
much as the purveyor thought fit^ he coo-
duAed us to the Forges^ a mile off fa«s
Houfe ; at whic^, as in dac Cop^^Mims^
there are fcveral Workmen always cm-
ployM : Some break the Stones, ot;hers
wa]}} them, others melt and refine )the
Ore, and others Coin the Money for thp
King of Denmark. Thefc Mines tufn
both very well to account, a^d are not
the leaft part of his Dmip^ H^jefiies Re*
venue.

From the Forges we went to the Mine
that was n6xt to it^ 'twas on a high
Mountain ; the Mafter-ikftwr and I were
let down as at his own Mine, and 1 faw
nothing there which I had not feen be-
fore in that of Copper. Thefe Miners
were cIoathM like the others, and their
Work and Habitations feem'd to be much
the fame. They, both the one and theo-
ther, leave off working in the Mines in
the Winter, Spring, Summer and Au-
tumn being their only time of Bufinefs :
They work in the Spring and Fall three
Hours in the Morning, and three after
Dinner, in the Summer four Hours in
the Morning and five after, Dinner, the
reft of their time they fpend in Mirth
andPeaftirig. They delight much in Dan-r
cing, and have their Hautboys, Violins,
and other Inftruments for that purpofe.

When

A Voydge to the 'North. i f

VVhcn I returnM to the Copfer-^Forgej I
^nnd' the People at their Sports, and was
not 2t little pleasM to fee th^e variety of
their Humours and Paftimes. For three
Months, in the dead of the Winter, they
^on't work at all, neverthelefs they re*
fceiye their full-pay as if they did, ai't the
i'ate of a Crown a Day. Having feen
all that was to be feen at the Silver- Mikes^
the Snrv^or took us home with him,
gave us fuch another Collation as we
had before, and a good Supper after it.
When we had all df u^ fufficiently re-
frefhM our felves.we went to Bed, aind
the next morning the Mafter-Afe^^f and
I took our leaves oi ihQ Surveyor^ who had
provided a plentiful Breakfaft againft we
got up, and rode from his Houfe to the
Cojpper-Mms^ where I thankM the Offi-
ter ,that fpoke Prf ;?c)&, for his Civilities,
and the Mafier-Miner and my felf fet
but for Drbnihem. Night overtook us
by that time we were got 8 Miles from
the Mines ^ which put us oft a neceffity
6f taking up our Quarters at a Boors
Cottage in the next Village we came to-
llie Vedant knew my Companion, and
thought himfelf highly honour'd in fuch a
Guelt; he therefore did his utmoft to
treat us to our liking. Kfc provided two
Theafants,and a' Hare he had lately krird,
for ouf Supper, tliat Game being free for '

e 'x the

20 A Voyage to the Nmh.

the Boors in thofe Farts. They are fetdom
unfurnifhM of it i Before we fate dowi^
he brought out his Tobacco, Beer and
Brandy made of Malt-Spirits : After Sup-
per we ail of us fell to fmoaking like
Dragons, and darnk Brandy and Beer
almod: all Night, which was the moft
beaftly one I ever paft in ray Life : But
'tis the Cuftom of the Country, and both
the Gentry and People by Converfation
and Merriment mean only Lewdnefs and
Debauchery. The Peafant perceiving the
Matter- Aft/^^r was quite drunk, was fo 0*
verjoyM at it that he (bon became in as
bad a condition himfelf. We had all now
had our Dofe, and fome clean Straw was
brought, and fpread in the middle of the
Chamber to ferve us inftead of Beds : V Ve
jay down upon it together and flept till
Morning. The Sun was up before the
Mafter-A//wr and the Boor walfM. I
order'd, as well as I could, OBr Horfes to
be got ready, rgfolving, if poflible, to get
to Dronthem that Day. I made the Boors
Sons guefs at my meaning by ligns,: Our
Horfes were faddlM, and then I wak'd
my Companion and his Hofl:. They were
no fooner up but we muft again fall to
Eating and Drinking : That work done,
we mounted on Horfeback, took our
leaves of the Peafant, and inade the beft
of our way to Dronfhem^ where we ar-
rived

A Voyage to the North. a i

rivM before it was Dark. When I came
to my Xodgings, I found an intimate
Friend of mine^ Hans Omer^ diverting
himfclf with reading a Book I lent him^
calPd Le Prime des Oferateursy The Prince
of Operators, which I wrote fome Years
before, and in which I endeavourM to
fhew the difference between Reafoq and
Operation in the Prafldce of Phyfick. Tl^e
Emperor Gaiienus banifliM Phyficians out
of his Empire, becaufe they were not pro-
per for War and could not cure his Sol-
diery when they were wounded, nor fet
broken or diflocated Bones, nor heal Tu-
mors, nor perform other Operations as
AJckpUdes and Podaliru^ did at the Siege
of Troy. . TJie fame did Machaoxf^ Achilles^ s^
Phyflcian, in whofe praife Homer has left
thefe Verfes ;

Gontran King of Orleans orderM his
Phyficiaps to be thrown out of the Wh>
doyv, becaufe they could not fave his
Wives Life, who had been Poyfon\L
'Tis out of doubt that the uncertainty
of Medicine is not fo beneficial to the
Health pf Man as the certainty of Op^r;
ration; and efpecially at Sea, the Su#'
geon, to fpeak impariially,* is raudi more

^ 3 ^^' • It

a a I* ^ Veyagt to the Iforth.

oeceffary than the Doftor, I hope th$
Reader will excufe this (hort Digreffipn
in favour of ihy Profcffion.

CHAP. 11.

Of the Authors embarking at Dron-
them, the danger of Sailing in the
Horth-Sea^ his Arrival at Varan-
gcr in the Danifli Lapland : And
of the Manner Sy way of Li'vingi
Superfiition and Drefs of the Da-
niih Laplanders.

TWo Days after I returoM to Dron-'
them all our Cargo was unladen,
and we had taken aboard the Frovifions
the Surveyor-General of the Mines was
to furnilh us with. The Wind letting
fair, we embarkM, and a few Hours after
fct fail to continue our Vyage to the North.
The Wind held fair fcveral Days till we
/ were under the Jrtick Pdldr^CircUy where
V we were becalmM on the Coafts, Some
of our Crew were fo iuperftitious as to
give Credit to the common Tradition,

that

A Voyage to the North: * 2 3

lliat the Inhabitants of the Country under
that Circky as well as thofe that dwell
on the Coafi^s of the Sea of finhnd^ ar€
Wind-Merchants, and can raife and fell a
Gale when -they pleafe. ^Tis certain
they are almoft all of them Wizutrdsiy and
as Children of the Prince of the Air,
pretend to difpofe of the Wind as
their proper Merchandife. VVe were im-
patient of lying on that Coaft, and that
jrtipatience put us upon trying any means,
however improbable to fucceeci, rather
than ftay there longer. The Captain of
Tour Ship was for trading with tliefe W^/-
2,Wi; accordingly he fent Iiis Long-Boat
aflipar, with his Mate, to Traffick with
fheife Traders, and purchsfe a Wind
of them,' the Commodity we flood moil
in need of at that Time. Tho* I be-
liev'd nothing of the matter, 1 had the
curiofity to accompany him ; we Landed
at the firft Village we came to, applyM our
fef ves to the chief Negrommcer^ told him
tvhat we wanted, ana ask'd, // h^ could
furnijl} us rvith a, Wind that wo a id UJi
till we arrived at Mourmanskimre : The
Mate could fpeak enough of hib Language
to underftand hinl and to be underltoodJ
The Conjurer gravely replied No^his pow^^
tr extenaed no jarther than the Promontory
of kouxella. VVe had a great way thi-
ther, arid if w"e reached fo far, we thought

C 4 we

54 4 Voyage to the "^ofth.

wc might cafily make the Ncrtk-dtpe^
fo the Mate defir'd him to go aboard
with us and drive a Bargain with our
Captain. The Wizard confented to the
bropofal, took three of his Comrades
with him, leapt into a fmall Fifher-Boat,
and went aboard our Ship. Our Captain
and he foon agreed upon the price, he
^ was to give him Ten Kjonen^ about five
or fix and thirty Shillings in Eft^lijb M07
Bey, and a pound of Tobacco, wr which
the Wiz^ard was to furnifh us with a fair
Wind as far as RouxelU. When thp Bar-
gain was made, and the Money paid,
the Wizard tied a Woollen Rag to the
. corner of pur Foremafl: ; 'twas about half
a Yard long and a Nail broad ; it hacf
three Knots, and this was all our Cap-
tain had for his Ten Kjonen. When the
Negromsncer had done this feat, he re*
turnM in his Boat to the Village with hi^
Companions. The Captain of our Ship^
according to the Inftrudioos he had re*
Ceiv'd from the Cof^jetrer^ untied the firfi^
Knot in the Rag, and immediately the
Wind ftruCk lip Weft-South- Weft ^
brisk Gale, and drove us, and the other
Ships in our Company, thirty Leagues
beyond M^tfi^oom^ without- giving our
Captain apy occafionto untie thefecondj
Knot ; and this Accident confirmM our
Crew in their Diabolical Superftitioq*

A Vqy^ge to tbt l^orth. ac

This JdMefJfroom is thegreateft Eddy or
y Vhirlpool in the Norwegian Sea,in which
m^ny V eflels that approa^chM too. near it,
have perifh'd : For this reafon fuch as arc
- acquainted with thofe Coafts keep out to
Sea eight or ten Leagues to avoid it, and
ihe Rocks that lie off Oflraford oppofite
to MMlfiroom. There are feveral fuch Ed-
dy's five, fijc and f^yeq Leagues from the
Snoar, and this danger gblig^s all Pi|pts
to keep far out to Sea.

The Wind beginning to ftiift a little,
?i.nd inclining to the North, our Captain
untyM the fecond Knot, which kept it
in its old Corner, till we made the Pro-
piontory of RouxelU. vyhen we had paft
it the Nepdie of our Comp^fs turn'd l)ack
Half ah Inch, by which fome faney'd
that there was tondftone in the Moun-
tain, and had not we htad a very dex-
trous Pilot, we Ihou*d certainly tave loft
pur courfe.

Knowing that the gther Ships in our
Company were in the fame trouble as
pur felvcSj our Pilot fhut up his Com-
pais, and Ijung out a Flag on pur For§-
piaft-Top, as'^ fignal forthepther Ships
to follow us. He was very well gcquaint*
pd with the (^aafts and Courfe,' having
pften Piloted the DutQh SLips trading
that way, in whicli he had no pth^if
helps than his Sea^hart^

9 6 A Voyage to the "North.

VVc ^erc two Days and two Nights
in this dangerous condition, hairing np-
thifSg to depend on btit the Pilots Ex-
Iteriehce: On the third Day being far
diftarit froth the Mountains of RoumB4,
the Needle of out Compafs pointed agiain
to it$ Center, from whence we con-
cluded that we drew near the North-
Cape, where the Wind failing us, oar
Captain untyM the third Knot, at Which
there arofe a Ndrth-North-Eaft Wind
fo furious, that we thought the Heavens
Would fall down iipon us, and that God
would juftly piinifn us with Deftrufti-
on for dealing with Infernal Artifts, and
iiot trufting to his Providence : We cou d
bear no Sail during the Tcmpeft ; Our
Shi^ drove at the Mercy <Jf the Winds
and Waves, which toft us fo violently
that we expefted every Minute to go
to the bottom.

Tho' we were not above ten or twelve
Leagues from the Coaft of the Da^ijb
Laplandy yet we did not imagine tnc
Storm would throw us upon it. We
fcar'd the Winds fo much We did not
think of Land, and when we thought our
felves fecure from the Uocks, we wer?
almoft driven upon one by a~f udden blaft
thirty Leagues above the; Cape, and four
from Shear. Every Man fell upon his
Knees, and begM pardon of God, be-
lieving

AVoyagi to the Nwths 27

litfvfrig we (hould at that yery inftatit be
dafliM to pieces. I confeft I neiver was fo
afraid in my Life, and I believe. all the
Crew were in as great Coriftemation as
ray felf, when by good liick, or rathet
thro' Divine Mercy, the extraordinary
force and agitation of the Waves jitd-
vented our ftriking, and drove us a Mus-
ket-fhot off the Rock, Our Ship having
receivM no damage,only by a fittle flight
touch on the skirt of. the Rock, fpruiig
a Leak a little above the Keel, and two
or three Planks were foftiewhat bilg'd in
the bottom of the Ships-Hold, the Wa-
ter entered, and we were obligM to pump
inceflantly.

On the fourth Day the Wind was laid,
however we could not heartily rejoyce\
for our own fafety, having loft fight of
our Friends in the other VefTels, who,
we fear'd, were at the bottom by this
time, Notwithftanding We continued
our Cocrrfe with a favourable Gale, w,c
had feveral Foot-Water in dur Hold,
and had much ado to Live. 'iTae Wind
was pretty fair, whetefore We refolv'd
to make the firft IBort to'ftop out Leaks
and refit. But the Coafts of the Sea all
over the N^rtb are fo full of Rock's that
the Ports and Creeks are inicceflible, and
we were forc'd to fail on tWo Days lonr
ger before we could find any place for

oui

^8 A Voyage to the Korth.

our purpofe. The next Momioe we ar«
rivM on the Coafts of Wardhus^ the chief
Town of the Government of Daniflf^
LafUndy where the King of Denmark ha?
a Caftle GarrifonM by two Companies
of Soldiers. Here is alfo a Collector to
receive the Duties imposed . on Foreign-
ers trading to or from Archangel on the
WhiterSea. This Officer fuffer'd us to
fafs without examining us, believing
\y our Colours and the Guns we gave
him to falute the Caftle, that pur Ship
was a Dme. We then faiPd to Faran^
ger^ and caft Anchor half a League from
the Town. We prefently put our Long-
Boat by our Ships fide to carry fome of the
Crew afhoar ; no Body aboard had any
knowledge of the place, which leemM to
us to be very Wild^ wherefore pur Captaia
took eight Men, well ArnGi'd, with him,
and relolvM to fee whether there was
any Convenience for us there to refit,
Or any Trade to be. driven with the In-
habitants. In Icfs than half an Hour
we arrivMat Var anger ^ a populous Town
and a convenient Port, but fo little fre?
quented, that the Inhabitants were amaz'd
to fee us. Whether their AftoniQiment
proceeded from the fight pf Meti Arm'd,
or of Men lefs Barbarous than them-
felves, I fhall not pretend to determinQ*
pur Captain addreft himfelf to thofe

who

A Voyage to the North. - a^

who fecm'd to have moft Authori-
ty among them, demanding if they would
permit us to enter their Port, and affift
us to refit our Ship, and were difpos'd
to Trade with us* They gave him lit
tie encouragement for Tramck, but un-
dlerfianding we were Merchants who
were going to Fifh ^ fValrus^ they ofier'd *^2^^r
us their afliftance towards refitting our su'Hqt'
Ship, which we thankfully accepted.^-
Having obfervM the Commodioufnefs of
the Harbour, we returned to our Ship,
weigh'd Anchor, and entered the Port,
where we difcharg'd our Ballaft, which
Was only Sand to lerve for Counterpoifc
to fome Bundles of Tobacco, and Bales
of Cloth, which were the Cargo we
Were to Trade with. When the Ship
was unladen, we fecurM the Goods in a
Houfe near the Shoar that was lockM up,
and the Captain and Super-Cargo, ordered
a Watch to be fet upon it* & ir/

To gain the good Will of the Iiina^-
tants ot the Country, who as I have^aid
were LapU»dersy fubjeft to the King of
Defjmarkj we gave them fome Rolls of
Tobacco, a more grateful Prefent to them
than Gold. To retaliate our kindnefs,they
treated us with the beft they had, fome
dry'^ Filh, that ferves inftead of Bread,
fome Venifon, not very extraordinary,
being tlie Fleflh of Rain- Deer ^ an Animal

that

go A Voyage to the Norfh.

tis often to be met with in LafUndi
orandioj Samaj^ffia and Siberia. They
brought us Bears-Flefh, and the Fleflb of
other Wild-Bcafts which we had nd
knowledge of ; alfo frefh FiQi boiPd
tvithout Salt. Their Sawce to this Difh
is either the Oil of other FiDb, or a four
Drink which is [one of the beft Beve-'
ridges in their Opinion. We could none
of us bear them Company at this Re-
paft. Their Ra^ous were not to our li-
king, fo we fent for Provifions from A*
board, and endeavour'd to be as merry
as we could in fuch a place, and among
fuch BaAarians. Salt-Beef and Bisket
**ras our choiqeft Di(h ; we oflferM fomc
of it to the Laplanders^ but when they
bad tafted it, our Food feem'd as ridi**
culous to them, as theirs did to us. Our
Beer was more acceptable to them, they
drank it off* freely, and wei-e picas'd
with the Brandy we gave them, yet their
own four Drink went down with more
Guflx) than either our Brandy or Beer.
It confifts of an Infufion of Juniper-Ber-
ries,and of a Grain like Lentils, the Name
of which I have forgot : It grows there
in abundance, as the Juniper Trees do.
I never faw any thing fo like that Grain
as Lentils, and our Botanifts have made
no mention of it in any of their Difco-
veries. They make Brandy with the'

fame

A Voyage to the North. g i

£ia)e Gr2m- It lias the iaio? ef¥ed: as
OUfs Jtl^t is <k^wn ofF of Cxrapes, and
^eir common Prink, tho' 'tis ikoog as
our commoa Wmt^ aod &i>ViCs for the
&xae Ufes,

, Tfao' th^ L^imdprs are Lufherm/y
9&d bavjS Priefts to inibrud: them, they
lK>^weYer deal ftiU with the D^vil ; al-
moft aU <;£ them are Wi^cards^ and fii
SiuperAidoi:^> that if they meet a Beaft
ia the way, whofe appearance is reckoa^d
ominous^ they return' home, and don't
ftif c^ all that Day ; ind when ^they go
ci Fiihuag, if they hav£ but one FijSi. in
their firtt Draught, they take it for an
ill Augury, pack up their Nets and leave
work for that time.

Both Men and Women are low of Sta>»
twee, yet flrong and deactrous ; their
jRjkces broad^dflat ; they are flai>Nos'd ;
their Complexions are Iwarthy like the
reft, of the f:eople of the AV/A ; t^heir
Eyes are like a Hogs ; their Eye-Lids are
almofl: all like thofe that are Blear-EyM :
They are Stupid, Bi'utaL and Lafcivious,
efpecially the Women, who proftitute
themfelves to all Comers, if they can do
it unknown to their Husbands. The
Womens Clcmths are made either of
courfe Cloath or RawrDeers Skins with
the Hair outward : Th^ir Stockings are of
the fame, their Shoes of Fifh Skins, the

Scales

a 2 A P^ayagc te the North.

Scales hanging on them : They have nd
Latchets, and referable fomewhat the
Wooden-Shoes worn by the Poor in
France. Theit Coifs are like the Norme^
giaf$ Womens ; their Hair is twifted
up in two twiil:s, one hangs down oa
one Shoulder, and the other on t'other;
Thejy wear a Cornet-Coif on their Heads,
made of courfe Canvas. All their Lianeni
is of the fame finenefs ; fome of them
wear a fort of RufF eight Fingers broad^
which they tie behind as the Gypfies do
in other Countries* The Figure marked
N. 2. is a reprefentation of one of thefe
Women.

As for the Men they are Cloath'd with
Rain-Deer Skins,the Hair outwards ; their
Coats are fhort and come down but half-
way then- Thighs like a Waftcoat ; their
Breeches and Stockings are of the fame,
the Hair always outwards. On thefe-
they wear a fort of Boots made of
Fim-Skin, which tho' rough and courfe^
are ftitcht fo neatly that the Seams are
not to be feen. Some of 'cm wear no
Boots, but Stockings only like the Wo-^
men. Their Bonnets are round like a
Seamans Cap, they are alfo made of Rain-
Deers Skins, the Hair Itill outwards, and
cdg'd with a band of. Fox Skin, fome
White, fome Gray, as in Figure N. j.

Thefer

^ Voyage to the North, ^ ^

Thefe Laplander's Lodgings are like
thofe ef the Boors about Chrijiiana : They
Have no Light but what enters by a
Hole in the top of the Hutt. They don't
make ufe of - Beds to lie on any naore
than the other X^r/^/i^W^r/, tht Borandiansj ' \

Samo]efJians^ Siberians^ Xsmhlians^ IJlan^
ders^ or the reft of the Northern Nati-
QtiS. The whole Fatfiily of a Danifb-
Laplander^ Mafter, Miftrefs, Children,
Men and Maids, lie" down all together
very familiarly , on Bear-Skins Ipread
in the middle of the Room, and when
they rife in the Morning, the Bear-
Skins are taken up and laid by till they
are w-anted again at Night for the fame,
dccafidn.

In each Houfe there is a gre&t black Cat
which is highly valued by them : The

Laplanders talk to it as if it was a reafon-

able Creatiir^. Every Night they go out

of .their Huts with it to confult it alone,

and it will follow like a Dog, either a

Fifhing or Hunting,

Tho' this Animal looks like a Cat in

appearance; yet had I had ever fo litt'e

more Superftition, I iliould havebeliev'd

it to have been a Familiar Spirit minirtring

to them : A terribld Sight to a Southern

Chriftian.

i • D CHAP-

34 ^ K<>)l<ige to the tJottb,

««

CHAP. lift

Of the Authors Journey by Land
from Varangcr to Mouritianskci-
more, in the Mufcoyite-Lapland,
and the manner of Travelling there
in Sledges^ drarpn by Kaitt^Dters:
An account of the Kilops^ the
Mufcovite -Laplander, the City
Kola^ and theirade ofthofe Parts.

WE unloaded our Ship the next Day
after our Arrival at Furaf^er^ the
Inhabitants helpM us to haul her aihoar,
that we might examine and refit her.
The Captain found her much more da-
maged than he expe£ied, and defirM the
LnpUnders to get him Timber proper for
the Carpenters ufe. They readily an-
f vver'd his requeft, and went to a neigh*
bouring Mountain to fell fome for him.

Our Super-Cargo finding the Ship
would be fome time a re-fitting|. thougto
it might not be improper to tasea Jour-
ney into the Country, to try whether

there

AVoyage to the North. ^5

there was any TraiRck to be had. To
thi^ purpofe he picket out me, and
two more of the Ships Crew to accom-
pany him. Early the next Morning,
being the 1 2th or May^ we fet out for
our journey, taking with us fome Tobac-
co and Cloth to trade with, and Bisket
gthd fait Pork and Beef to eat. We de-
fir'd three of the Inhabitants of VarMger ^
to go along with us, as well to fhew us
the way, as to help carry our Goods and
Provifions to the next Village. The L^/-
landers were willing enough to ferve us,
fo we followed them thro^ Woods, Moun-
tains and Vallies without meeting any
living Creature, till towards four a Clock
in the Afternoon we perceivM two
White Bears of an exceflive bignefs, com-
ing, as we Strangers thought, to devour
us, and indeed we were in mortal fear
of being devoured by them.

Our Guides perceiving the terror we .
were in, ' bid us riot be afraid, for we
iieed only have our Arms ready to de-
fend our felves,. in cafe they approached •
too near us ; which we did, Cocking and
Priming Our Fufees, and hacking our
flints. Whether or no the Bears were
frightnM at the Fire we ftf uck out of the
Flints, or with the fmell of the Powder,
I {hall not undertake to decide, but they
preferitly fled from us fo faft, th^t ifi a

D 2 Mo^

^6 A Voyage to the Horth.

Moment they were out of fight. An
Hour before Night, as wc delcended a
Mountain, we fpy'd a Dozen Houfes at
the foot of \\ \ they were at a great di-
ftance one from the other, and farther off
wefaw a Herd of Beaftshke Stags, which
our Guides told us were Ram-Deer s.

When we came to the Village, the
Laplanders that traveled with us conduc-
ed us to a Hut, where being very wea-
ry, we were glad to reft our felves, for
we had held a long Journey in very bad
way, with Luggage on our Backs that
incumbered andtirM us. We gave a piece
of Role^Tobacco to our Hoft, who re-
ceived it with joy, afluring us he had
not had fo valuable a Prelent in nine
Months before. To make us amends,
he brought out his Brandy- Bottle, fome
Rain^Deers Flefh dreft without falting,and
fome dryM Fifli, which we gave to our
Guides, and fupM our felves with the Vi-
* ftuals* IV e brought with us; When we
had made an end of our Supper, we
went to our Repofe, and lay down on
Bear-Skins after the Country-Falhion.

When we arofe in the Morning, we
ask'd our Hoft if he had nothing to bar-
ter with us for Cloth and Tobacco. He
repIyM he had fome Wolfy Fox and }vhi$e
Squirrel-^kms^ that his Neighbours had
alio fome of the fame Commodities, and

would

A Voyage to the North. 3 7

wquld gladly truck with us* We bid
him, by our Interpreters, bring out his
Skins, and if he had any Cloaths made
of R4W^Deer'Sk\ns^ we would deal with
him for four Suits, which we wanted to
keep us \yarni. Accordingly he brought
forth his Merchandife, and we bought
it of him, paying him part in Tobacco
.apd part in Cloth : We truck'd alfo with
his Neighbours, as long as they had any
thing to offer .us \yortb our buying, and
when we had drained that Market, we
pray '4 our Haft tp lend us fome Rai/i^
peers to carry us farther up into the Coun-
try. He was very willing to help us to
the utmoft of his power, the Tobacco
we gave him having gainM his Friend-
flhip intirely. He took down a Horn that
hpng up in his Cottage, went out and
blew it to call the Rain-Deer s to him;im-
mediately fourteen or fifteen of thofe A^
nimals came running towards the Hut.
He put fix of them to fix Sledges, each
Sledge made fomewhat like a Gondola :
'Twas plac'd on fourPofts joyn'd together
by other croft-Pofts nailM to them, and
tbif was fartnM to. two Pofts two Foot
longer than the Sledge, , that ran on the
Ground. We put our Merchandife
in one Sludge, each of us had one for
himfelf, and the other we affignM to one
pf our Guides, who underftood the Lan-

38 A Voyage to the Uorth.

guage of );he Mufiovife^lMpUmkrsj an4

that of the Kf^ps : Him wc took with

. us, the other two Inhabitants of Fnran^

fer we difmift, having paid them in To*
lacco for their trouble. We put on our
Lsflsind-Cio2ith% and lay down each of
us in his Sledge, covered with a Bear-
Skin at the back of the Sledge. There
were two Girts made of Rdin-Deers Lea-
ther, in which we thruft our Arms up
to the Shoulders to keep us fteady, and
had each a Stick, with a ftrong Firrel at
the end of it, to fupport the Sledge, if it
Ihould be likely to overturn by ftumps
of Trees or Stones lying in the way.

When we were ready to fet out, our
Hoft mutterM fome Words in the Ear
of the Raw'Deers. I eiaquirM afterwards
of our Guide, What he meant by it ? he
hidj '^Tmas to tell them tphither they [bould
carry us ; fo filly are thofe barbarous
V Vretches. Cuftom had made that mut-
tering fo familiar to the Beafts that drew
us, that when our Hoft had gpne to all
fix, they ran away with us fo fwiftly,
that we thought we were drawn by fo
many Devils. They continued their Pace
over Hills and Dales, without keeping the
beaten Road, all Day long, till feven a
Clock in the Evening, when they brought
us to a larg;e Village fcituate between
two Mountains, near a great Lake. Here

they

A Voyage to tJje JNarth: 3f

ihey ftop'd fhort, at the fourth Houfe ia
irfie Place, which thoMarge, was very
ordinary and clownifh. They be^t
the Ground with their Feet, and the
Mafter of the Houfe hearing a Noife,
came forth with his Servants to help us
out of our Sledges, and unharnefs our
Cattle, One of them brought out a lit
tie Juniper-Can full of Brandy, of which
fie gave each of us a Brimmer out of a
'Bowl made alfo of Juniper-Wood. This
was to put us in heart, for our Guide had
informed him, that we were afraid of
our Lives, being drawn aloHg fo fwiftly
fey thofe Animals in Sledges, which
was a way of Travelling we were pot
usM to.

The Horns of thefe Beafts, both Male
and Female , are fomewhat higher than
tliofe of a Stag*, but more Crooked, Hairy,
and notfo well furnilhM with Sprouts as
a Stags are.They are of the fame Colour as
iStags,and not bigger.TheirFeet are cloven
Jike theirs, but as big as Hoofs of Oxen.
They live upon Mofs, which grows every
where in thofe Parts ; the Females yield*
Milk like Cows, the Laplanders make
putter and Cheefe of it, and bothi^ ve-
ry good. Their Harnefs is a Collar of
Rain-Deer Leather, by which they are fa-^
ften'd to the two fliaft$ of the Sledge,
iiot much uhUk?jonr Hopfes tp ^ Coachl
' - ' ^ , V 4 Thiis

Thus they draw it with incredible fpee^
direftly to the Place whither you are to
go, without being guided by him who
rides in it, as is reprefenfed in the Fi-
gure M 4.

When we got out of- our Sledges, we .
were conduced by our Hoft into liis
Hut, which, like the reft of tl^e Cottages
in the place, was very little^ low and
coverM with the bark of • Trees, the
Light entring at a hole in the top Qf it,
as we'haveelfewhere obfervM. ' .v

Thefe Laplanders were .CloathM."ui a
manner little differing from thofe qf f^4-
rarjger ; their Apparel was of the "^^ fame
Make and Materials, but longer ; their
Coats were of Rain-Deers Skin, the Hair
turnM outwards^The Women were drefl:
in Garments of the fame Skin, their Hair
twifted as the Wopieris of Var anger.
On tl:ieir Meads they wore a round Bon-
net inftead of a CQ,ij\ 'twas made of the
fdme Skin, with their Cloaths, and their
Hair ftill outwards.

We gave our Hoft an end of To-
bacco about two Inches loiig,' vi^ith whicfi
he was mightily pleased, - and thank'd us'
heartily for it. VVe gave an end not
quit'e fo long to each of the Inhabitants
of the place, to make them our Friends,
and to fecure us the better againft any
attempts from thefe Barbarians, who were
:..''. . : ^ more

A Voyage to the Uorth. 41

piore Brutal than thofe we laft (Jealt
with. We fupM on the Proyifiohs wc
brought with us, and our Guide cat fomi^
of our Hofts dryM Fifb, and frelh Raixj^
jDcer Venifon^ We i^skM him. How, ma-
nj Leagues we h4d come that D^j7 He an-
fwer^d, Jbove tkirfji^ mi that m mre in the
'Terriiorj pf MQurn^anskeimore. The In-
jiabitants talkt a Langy^ge quite differenf
from thofe of Varanger^ but our Guide
had been often in the Country,, and un-
derflood them, and was underftood by
thenil • ' . , ... \

After Supper we lay 4'o^n on Bear-
Skins jtb take our reft^ aswe had. done
the >Jiglit before,* haying firll barter^
away our Lafand-Yiz\>\ts with puir Hoft,
for others that were longer ; and'^j par-
cel of Tobacco for a Hu|idred (irey S^nir-
rels'^ a Fur very much efteeqaM in Deri-
^niark2Ln^ other parts oiE^ro^e..

The next Day, being the iJ^h of May^
we told our JIofl-,by our Interpreter, that
we defirM him to provide Sledges to go
farther into the Cpuiitr y .' ' Tliis he "^ aid
accordingly, and the- odier Inhabitants
of the Village came to help us forward
in our Journey, bringing Brandy with
them to drink to us at. parking.

They put G^Rah-Deers to fix Sledges,
in oae of^thcm we Ibw'd Qur Mekhan-
dife and Provifions i and cruV/I^oft ha^

Vlng

4^ A Voyage to the North.

ly, was a wcjcome repofc to our weat-
ry Limbs, fufficiently jog'd in the
SledgeSp

In the Morning we rofe as early, as our
Hoft, and demanded of pur Interpreter,
Jiojv fn^ny heagufs tve had tr4velPd the Daj
before ? He reply'd, At le^ forty. But
he mufi: be out either in his Reckoning,
or the Leagues murt not be To long as
they are generally calculated to b?, fpr
forty ' of their Leagues make one hun-
dred and fixty of thofe between VarU
and Lyqns^ each Lapland League being ?s
long as a Gerwan. Let a Man be never
fo ^ell mounted, he can^t ride a Horfc-
back above five a Day. Our Guide alfo
infoiTO'd lis that we were in the Mufia-
''vite'-LapUnd.

We bid him ask the Inhabitants of the
Village, whom we had prefented with
Tobacco, and been treated by them with
Brandy, Whether they had any Com-
modities to truck witn us for Tobaccp
and Cloth ? We had fome Roles of the
former left, and moflr of our Bales of the
latter, Tobacco being by much the bet-
ter Commodity.. The Laplanders xt^Xy'^^^
They had fonrie Furs, we ask't to feg
them, and they brought them put to
fhew us. They were White Fo^-
Skins^ Black and Grey Fox^SXi^s^ Grey
Squirrels and Sables^ tho* not pf fo finp

"9^

A Voyage to the North. ^i^

a Colour as thofe of Borandiay SdrMjelJid

Thefe Ivlerchandifes were >*l>at we
wanted, fo we foon ftruck a bargain
for them, and paid the inhabitants in
Cloth and Tobacco. When our Mar-
ket was over, we fell to Drinking
with them. They were not quite fo
Brutal as the other LapU^fders we had.
dealt with, but they were very rude
and indifcreet in COnverfation , doing
thofe things before us that Decency will
not fuffer me to name.

It growing late, and we defigning to
proceed yet further to difpofe ofthe few
Rolls of Tobacco we had left, we pray'd
our Hoft, ♦by our Interpreter, to fur-
nifh us with Sledges and frefh Ram-Deer.
He harneft and prepar'd as many as we
had occafion for ; we mounted our Sledges
and departed at one a Clock. We ran,
with our former fpeed, thro' difficult and
unbeaten Paths, till fix, without meeting
with one Habitation : Half an Hour af-
ter, as we were defccnding a Hill, we
fpy'^d two Huts under a Rock, a little
out of the way : Our Guide told us that
two KJ^ops lived there, who as foon
as they law us, they fled with their
Wives and Families, We travelled on
three Hours longer, and came to no
Houfe or any thing like a Dwelling-

Place,

J^6 A Voyage to the North,

Place,till at laft wc difcoverM a great Vil-
lage on the fide of a Hill, btiilt on the
banks of a River. Here Mrc arrivM at
Eleven a Clock at Night, and went to
that Cottage for Lodging whither our
Cattle were plcasM to conduft us. Ic
happenM to be in the middle of the Vil-
lage. The Mafter of the Hottfe received
us very kindly, made a Fire in the mid-
dle of his Hut, gave us Brandy, dry'd
Fifli, and Raif^Deer Venilbn lalted, at
which we were a Httle furpriz'd, having
not met with any in our Travels hitherto
who made ufe of Salt, as thefe did* He
alfo gave ts fome Milk and Salt-Butter,
very geod, and *twould have been better
had we had any Bread to eat whh it, but
we had cdnfum'd our Store, and fhould
have been very much put to it, had we
not met with fo good entertainment here.^
Our Guide would not taft a bit of fait
Meat, fo he was oblig'd to live on the
frefh Venifon he brought with him. Ha-
ving fupt plentifully, we lay down a^
h^modt de L^pland^ on Bear-Skins, and flept
till Morning. We rofe early the next
Day, the i6th of May ^ took our leaves
of our Hoft, and there being no Trading
in that Village, paft the River to proceed
to Kp^a. On the other fide of the Ri-
ver, which is as big as the Sehe^ we
came to another Village, and went to

the

A Paydge to the tiarth. j^%

the moft lilKly Hot^ to hire Sieves and
Kaif^Deer to Carry vts to Kf^y for we
dould fipt none in the pla<» where we
Lodgd. Here we furnifh'd our felves,
^tnd about Noon we arrived at Kf^^ a
little City, or rather a great Town, ve»
ry Country-like, built among Mountains
6n the fide of a River, near ten Leagues
from the North-Sea. To the Eaft of it
are large Foreffs and Deferts, l^ourmans^
kgimore to the Weft, and prodigious high
Mountains to the South. The Houies
are very low, built of Wood, and hand-
fomely cover'd with Fifh-Bones. On
the top of them the Light enters at a
Hole,as in other i^zc^oiLofUffd. There's
but one Street in it.

The Inhabitants, like the other Muf^
covins y are fevere, fufpicious, and fo jea-
lous, that they lock up their Wives that
Strangers may not fee them. Our Hoft
took all our Cloth off our hands, for
which he gave us in Exchange two Lmx^
Skins fpotted like a Leopxrds^ three Do-
zen of White FoX'SkinSj half a Dozen of
JVietJraSy an ^Animal which fomewhat re-
femoles a Badger^ but its Hair is longer
and rougher, his Colour is a blackifh-red,
and his Tail like a Fox's. We had al-
fo fome Ermines of him. There wete
fome Ells of Cloth above what we
were to give him, for which he oblig'd

himfetf

ijiS A Voyage te the North.

to fuppfy us with Provifions for our Jour-'
ncy back to VnrArtgar^ and to help. us to
Sledges as far as the River we late-
ly paft. He treated us as well as he
could, and we fupt and flept as we had
done elfewhere, in our Travels thro* La^^
Und.

C H A P. IV.

w- < . - ♦ T

Of the Authors departure from Koh :
Of the Funeral Ceremonies of the
Lapland-Mufcovites : Of their
Womens tpork^: Of their Hunt-
ing^ and other f articular s relat-
ing to them : Of his return to
Varanger^ his Arrival at Do-
randia, a?id an Account of the Bo-
ra ndians.

THc next Morning as we were pre-
paring to depart, our Hoft having
provided us ftore of Bisket, Ginger-bread
and Raw^Deer Venifon faked and dry'd,
as alfo a barrel of Brandy to ferve us in
our return: Before ^we had quite packt

tip

A Voyage to the North. ji^^

up bur Furs in Bales, his Neighbouris un-
derftanding we had ftill a few Rolls of
Tobacco left, came to ask us if we would
truck them for more Skins ; we reply 'd
with all our Hearts, fo they fetched 'em,
being a Dozen of Ermi^esy two hVhne
Fox^kins^ and four Lynx^s^ not fo good
as thofe we had of our Holh

The bargain made, we took their Furs^
and gave them the refidue of our Cargo
of Tobacco, except feven or eight Rolls
which we refervM for our own ufc, and
to pay for the hire of our Rain-Deer and
Sledges in our way back. Tobacco is
more neceflary than Money to thofe whd
Travel in that wild and unfrequented
Country, the La^Unders valuing an end
of Tobacco as long as ones Finger more
than a Crown-piece. The Kings of Den'^
mark and Sweden^ and the Czar of Mup
covy have laid fevere Taxes upon it, and
there are Officers fettled in their Fron-
tier:Towns to colleft their Imports
upon it.

When we had done 6ur" bufinefs, ac-
cording to the Cuftom of the Place wd
muft drink with our Chapman. . Our
Entertainment evei-y where was Brandy,
and it held till two a*Clock in the Af-'
t^rnoon, We then intreated our Hoft.ro'
get the Sledges, we had hir'd of himy
icadyj which we had done in a Minute*

B Wrf

50 A Voyage to the Horth.

We ftow'd our Merchandize in one of
them, got into the other our felves, drank
a full Glafs at Parting with our Dealers,
bid them Adieu, and fet out for the Vil«
lage on the other fide of the River w©
paft the Day before. Our Rain-Deer ,
to our thinking, ran fafter than any we
had hir'd in all our Journey to Kpl^* We
arrivM at the firft Village by fevcn a-
Clock, we paft the River and came to th^^
fecond, where we put up at our old
Landlords, who rcceivM us with joy hpp-
inff that we had ftill an end of Tobacco
left to give him for the hire of fomai
Rain Deer and Sledges.

He prefently gave each of us a Cup
of Brandy, for they . tofs it off there as
we do Beer in the South, and askM us
if we would have the Rain-Deer put to
the Sledges : We reply 'd we had ra^
ther reft our felves till Morning ; for-
there was no Village befides in fome^
fcores of Miles from this.

He fill'd out another Cup, which when
we had drank, he offered to take us with
him to the Funeral of one of his Neigh-
bours, who had been Dead about four
Hours. We were very glad of the op-
portunity of feeing their ridicujlous Cere-
monies on that occafion, having heard
much talk of them.

A Voyage to the North. 5 1

We accompanyM him tothe Houfcof
the Deceased, we faw his Cor^fe taken
from the Bear-Skins, on which it lay,
and removM by fix of his moft intimate
Friends into a Wooden Coffin, being firft
wrapM in Linnen, his Face and' Hands -
only bare. In one Hand they put a Purfe
with Money in it, to pay the Fee of the
Porter of Paradice-Gate ; . and in the o-
ther, a Pafs, fign'd by a Prieft, to be giv'n
to St. Peter as a Certificate that he was
a good Chriftian, and ought to be admit-
ted into Heaven. They aifo put into his
Coffin a Barrel of Brandy, fome dry'd
Fiflb, and Rah/- Deer Venifon, to ferve -
him to eat and drink on the Road, hav^
ing a long Journey to take. They thciT|
light fome Fir-Trec Roots piPd up to a '
converiient diftance from the Coffin, Weep
and Howl plentifully, making ftrango
Geftures, and turning . themfelves in a
thoufand different. Pofturc-^, to fliew the
extravagance of their real or alfectcd
forrow.

When this Noile and Gcfticulation
was over, they marched round the Corpfe
feveral times in Proceffion, asking the
Dead Man, JVhy hedfd ? Jf be way a.^pr'^
with, his Wife ? Jf he wanted Anj tlnw J
If' he was Hungry or a^Drj ? If he had loft
his Game at Hunting ? Or had had had
luck in ffhirig ? Or had not QLoaths to his

E 2 Mind ?

\ •> ^-

5 1 4 Voyage to the liorth.

Mini ? Then they fell out a Howling
again, Himping and Afting like fb ma-
ny Mad-jVlen: One of their Priefts, who
aflifted at the Solemnity, ever now and
V- then fprinklM fome Holy- Water on the
Corpfe, the fame did the Mourners.

I forgot to inform the Reader, that
having an extraordinary Veneration for
St.. Ntcholasy they, as well as the MuJ^
covites^ are NichoUitam by Religion, and
always place the Image of that Saint
near the Bodies of their Dead, inftead of
a Crucifix,

' This Saint is not the fame for whom
MX Celebrate a Feftival in France^ but
Nicholas one of the Seven Deacons men-
tioned in the Afts of the Apoftles. His
Image is dreft up by them in a Pilgrims
Habit, in a long Robe with a Cam^il
hanging down over his Shoulders, a
broad Girdle about his Middle, and a
Staff in his Hcind, as in FTgure 5.

Tlie>N,oiie they made having almoft
deafn'd us, and being weary with looking
on their barbarous Rites , we left the
Cottage of the Defur.d to go to our Hofts,
where we found only our Hoftels at
home. She had made a Salley out of the
place to which her Husband had confinM
her, on our Arrival. As foon as fhe faw
^ us, fuppollng he was with us, Ilie would
have retir'd to her Berry ; but our Guide

and

A Voyage to the North. 15 3

and Interpreter giving her to underftand
the Good-Man was at the Funeral, and
would not come home prefently, fhe
ftaid. She vie wM us all round, one after a-
nother, lookM very kindly on us, drew
her Seat near us, and fhew'd us a Bon-
net of her own embroidring, done very
curioufly with Tinfel Threads.

The Work of all the LapUnd^M'^fco^
'ufte Women is to make Cloaths for them-
felves, their Husbands and their Chil-
dren. The Edges of t'-em are all em-
broidered with Tinfel Threads : They
draw them between their Teeth, as fine
as the VVir?-drawers do their Threads
of Gold and Silver with their drawing-
Iron. They work with a good Grace ;
they are handfome, well (hap'dand gooa
humour'd, and, but that they know li^w
jealous their Husbands are of them, and
fear their Refentments, they ^would \v\^
Jingly proftitute themfelves to Strangers,
for which reafon they are Hiut up when
any come among them. VVhile our Hoft
was bufy'd about the Funeral, we pulIM
out fome of our Provifions, and gave oitr
Jjand-Lady fome of every fort to taflt ;
fhe Uk'd all, but ef|;^cially the Gingei-
Bread ; fh6 drank two or three Glaffes of
Brandy, and then withdrew to the pbce
of her Confinement, fearing her Husband
might furpriz-c her with us, whidi wouH

p ^ have

5+ ^ Voyage to the iJorth*

have raised his jealouGe to fuch a DcgieCy
that he certably would have usM hfir ve-
ry fcurvily.

When our Landlord cameljonie^ he
oblig'd us to take a Cup or two more
with hin), to fmoak a' Pipe, and fupto^
gerher. For us he brought forth the
Viftuals he had in his Houfe which he
thought would be moft grateful to
us, as Salt-Butter which we eat with
Bread, Our Guide would not touch it,
and for him the Man of the Houfe got
fome Bears-Flelh, which he broil'd on
the Coals, and fome dryM Fifh,

All the Cottages in this Village were
like the others we had obfcrv'd elfcr
where, built of Wood, and coverM with
Turf, but they were handfomer and betr
ter fet off than any we had feen in the
Country, being both within and with-
out adorn -jl with Works of Filh-Bones,
curioufly plac'd and inlaid. We made
as good a Supper as we could, and acr
cofding to Cuftom, lay down with the
Family on Bear-Skins. Our Landlady
only was miffing, and fhe was to do Fen-
nance, by her felf, in a Corner till we

Were gone.

In the Morning early, onthci^th of
J^4)i^ our Hoft provided our Ram-Deer
and Sledges for us; we ftow'd our Bales,
feated our felves, and away we went,

our

A Voyage to the North: 5 5

our Ram^Deer running as faft as thole
we hir'd at Kpl^* In two Hours they
cafryM us fix I>cagues, where paf-
fing between two Hills, we fpy'd a Lap^
lander going a Hunting. He came up
towards us, Aiding ©n the Snow, which
in that Country does not melt till
Mtdfummer ,' as faft as we ran in our
Sledges. He (lid as faft on Skates made
,of tne Bark of a certain Tree : They -
were fevcn Foot and half long, only j
four Fingers broad, and flat at bottom.
He was d reft like the other Laplanders
in a Garment made of Rain-Deer s Skin,
. with the Hair outwards. His Cap, his
<jloves, his Coat, his Breeches and Boots
' were cmbioiderM with Tinfel. He had
a Girt of Rain-Deer s Skin about his
Waft, a Dart in one Hand, a Bow in the
other, and a Quiver hanging at his Back :
A black CatfoUow'd him, as is reprefent-
ed in Figure 6.

He kept Company with us about half,
a League, we parted at the foot of the
neJct Mountain, we defcefided it and he
ftruck off another way. We continued
our rotate three Days, flopping at the
fame places whera we lay in our Journeiy
outwards, and meeting with no new
Adventures: Our Entertainment, our way
. of Travelling, and every thing, was the
. fame as before. About nine a Clock at

E 4 Night,

55 A Voyage to the Vorih.

Nighty on the 2iy^of Af4y,[wcarrivMfafe
at l^arsHger^ having receivM many Ser-
vices,and no Wrong throughout the whole
Country pf DMgb'fLapUftd ; for the*
the Inhabitants are Poor, Ignorant, Bru-
tifh, and moft of them Negromancersy they
are however Faithful, and given to no
manner pf Theft or Fraud. This Ho-
nefty is their greateft^. if not their only
yirfue. They are fo dextrous in throw-
ing a Dart, that they will put a Crown
Piece thirty Paces off, and ftrike thro' it ;
as for the Bow they are fo skilful, that
they'l (hoot their Gfanie in what part they
pleafe. They don't much care to go to
the Wars, and when ever the Kings of
Sweden and Denmark ^ or the Czar of Muf-
covy have occafion for Soldiers, for fear qf
- i|>eing forcM to ferve, they leave their
Dwellings and fly to the Woods.

7"hey have plenty of Fowl, as Geefc,
Ducks, Pullets and other forts ; They
feed them not with Juniper-Berries, but
with another Grain of which they make
'their Drink, ^qd when that^is fcarc^,
pr for variety, they give them Fifli to
eat.

The greatefl: part of the Wild -Beafls In
l^aflMdzr^ white, as Bearsf, Wolves, Foxes
and>jares,, and even their Crows are fo
^hite^tt^atthey may be compared withth^

§wan;

A Voyage to the North. 15 7

Swan, having nothing black about them
but their Bills and. Feet.

The FiOi they dry to eat inftead
of Bread Isr very broad, and two or three
Ells, long^withbiit Bones, and excepting
the Fat, has a very good tall: ; "'tis firm
and fubftantial : They call it Raff.

As for other Fifh which they eatboiPd
they have all forts among them, . Thek
Utenfils within Doors are made of Cop-
per or Wood i and tho' they 'eat no, Salt,
and generally hate it, yet they boil all
their Meat in Sea-. Water, if they are near
enough to come ai it conveniently. They
have a Hind of Dogs a Foot long and
four Inches high ; tljcir Hair is an Inch
long, of aycUowilh'WhiteColour, rough
^ndftandingup like Hogs-briftles ; They
ha ve curl'd Tails, ftrait Ears like a Wolf,
Head and Snovit like a Rat, are very fit to
catch Mice, which they watch like our
Cats, and when they have caught thern,
cat 'em. For this reafori the Laf landers
value them at a high rate, tho' they are
very ugly, as ^may be {een» in Figure 7*

There is alfo a fort of WildnBlrd in
Lfapland^ of a Grey-Pearl Colour, as big
as a Sh(r.ep: His Head is like a Cats ;'his
3Eycs red and fparkling ; his Claws and
Peak like an Eagles, with which h? will
take up Hares and other fmall Ganie^ as
|s (hewn in F-^r/r^ 8, .' \

tf 8 ^ Fdyiige to tin T^orth,

Ouf Captain began to Caulk the Ship

4:hefame Day ^t tcturii'd to th^ Ml.

In xyffo or three I^ys aft6r ^was . in a

condition to put "^6 Sea, .'arid we Ladcid

*<}ur Ballafl:. In the rnean time we treat-

'ed the Inhabitants with Tobacco and

JBrandv. to If eep t}iem in good Humour,

for our Crew fancy'd that if we did not

bribe thfem to be our Friends, they might,

^ In revenge, raife contrary Winds by their

';C6pijiti'atioris. They were very grateful

^to us ' in the Opinion of our Mariners,

for five Days after, being the Q.6th pf

Maj^ there fprung up a wind, the moft

fa Vourable for us in the Coippals, to car-

us put of the little Sea or Vgrmger ;

wherefore we weighM Anchor, and fet

Sail at Seven a Clock in the Morning.

The' Wliid ^fhiftirig afterv^ards from one

'Quarter to another, we were obligM to

C4fl: Anchor under tne'Shoar, over againft

. the Ifland of JVardhus. The Captain of

the Caftie fpying us, and knowing who

we were^ caipe pff to us ,ip a Shallop :

When he wa^ aboard we entertain d him

as. well as we could, and he returnM to

the Caftle very 'well /atisfyM with his

Vec6ptioh. / .

i The next Day ithe . Wind fettling to a
I'oint, we kept out to Sea, and held our
Courfe North-North-Eaft, with all our
Sails Ipofe,

4 Voyage to the North. ^f

- In three Days Sail we were got into
a Climate wKere was ho Night ; we nei-
ver loft fight of the Sun there, always
feeing it on one fi4e or othey of us, be-
fore or behind us. On the laft Day of
May we fpy'd the Mountains call'd Spitzr
Bergen^ at which time a . JSfbrth-Wind.
blew up fo violently, that we could not
keep to Sea, and were forced to leave
them to the North-North-W^^^i and
fteer our Courfe Eaft-Soutfii-Eaii-, endea-
vouring to make the Shoar, that we might
lie under it, and be (helter'd from the
Weather. We continuM our Coiirfe three
Days longer, very much incommpdQ^
by the Ice, which* being broken ^nd toft
by the Tempeft, beat againft Our Ships-
ftern and fides fo funouiiy, that we ex-? .
pefted every Minute to founder-

On the fourth of- 7^e we fpyM fomp
high Mountains to tne Eaft,', we.fteer'd
that way to make them, rand iftelte^^ oijr
ieives under a Proniontory ; but the
Wind blowing frefher and frcfber,. ftill
North, Wo were obligM to tack about
^ to wards the Coafts of Morandia. W^ ar-
rived at a Bay and cntcrM it in a few
Hours : The Haven was very Commo-
dious : We lav there fafe from all Wea-
ther, in twelve or thirteen Fathom-

Water.

« • •

6o A Voyage to the Uorth.

Wc had fcarce caft Anchor before we
fpyM two Ships in the Bay; about a Mus-
ket-(hot oflf of us ; we pcrceivM they
were two of our Company from whom
we were feparated in the Storm that
drove us into Far Anger. We were extream*
ly glad to meet with them, fir'd three
Guns, and hung o'jt our Flag on the
Stern, as a fignalof our Arrival. They
rejoyc'd as much to fee us fafe, for we re-
ciprocally believM that they and we were
gone to the bottom. They anfwer'd our
Guns by twice as many, hung out all
their Flags and Pendants. We did the
like , wifhing for an opportunity to
throw out our Long-Boat, and go aboard
'em, but the Wind blew fo ftitf, we
durft not attempt it till four and twenty
Hours after. They were as impatient
zs we to know how we efcapM in the
Stoma, in which we were feparated from
them ; and as foon as the Wind flacken'd
a Boat came off from each of them to
board us. We embraced one another
with extraordinary Affection and Joy, as
People that had found Friends whom
they thought had been buried in the Deep.
They told us how the Storm drove them
on the Coafts of Juhorskty near an Ifland
where they could not Anchor becaufe of
the Rocks, • which they difcover'd by
founding ; They had fcarce three Fathom-

Wat?r,

A Voyage to the North. 6 1

Water, and were forcM to tack about im-
mediately for fear of running upon them^
By the favour of a Point of Wind North-
North-Eaft, they continued their Courfe^
keeping to Sea as well as they could tho*.
with much difficulty. In three Days time
they reach'd the Bay where we met with
them,and AnchoiM under thePromontories
of Bora^dia^ti^t or nine Leagues from the
Ifland called KJldomovU. We told then?,
in our turn, what perils we had run, and
we were forcM to enter the Sea of Va-'
ranger J and' to Anchor there, to refit our
Ship, or we fhould not have been a-
ble to proceed on our Voyage. We.
informed them alfo of our Super-Cargoes
and my Journey thi'o' all Lap/and^both Da-- '
mjhy HwedJ/b a nd Mufcovitep^ our Traffick
and Adventures. '*Tlie Account we gave
them of our Trade, incourag'd them to
go afhcar, and try if they could find
any body there that would deal with
them. We held a Council, aiid refolv'd
that a Captain, a Super-Cargo, 'two Ac-,
countants whounderftood both the Lan^
guage of the North and the Rujjian^
twenty Seamen of all our Crews, and my
felf, well Arm^d, fliould Land, taking
with us feveral Days Provifion.

Purfuant to thisrcfolution^ two Long-
Boats were got ready ; we went into
them, and failM to bhoar, wherje we

Landed

62 A Veyage to the North.

Landed, and afcended a Hill to fee if we
conld difcover any HabitationsrBut feeing
none we marchM on to a Neighbouring
Mountain half a League from thence,
where we fpyM five or fix Perfons, at two
three Leagues diftance, among Bufhes of
Thorns and Bfiats : They came towards
us till they perceivM us advancing, then
they turn'd their Backs, and fled away
fo raft that we loft fight of them in an
inftant. However we, folio wM their
track fo diligently, imagining 'twould
lead us to fome Village, that in two Hours
march, as we defcended a Mountain,.
we faw fome Huts in the Vale below ;
we advancM towards them, and found
thirty or forty Men ArmM with Darts
and Arrows, prcpaf'd to receive, and
give us Battle ; for the Inhabitants fee-
ing us come in fo ftrong a Body, took
us for Enemies. We halted a while and
confulted what we had beft to do, whether
we fhould retreat to our Ships or attack
them : They were Wild and' Bold, and
nothing was to be got by defeating them,
which* inclined us to retire, but one of
our Accountants oflFer'd to go up to them
by himfelf, and let them know that we
were Friends and Merchants, who came
to Trade with them, if they had any
Commodities to truck with us for ours.
All the Company approvM of the propo-

fal.

A Voyage tatbg Horth. tf ^

fel. He afp^roach^* neacM* 10 tbem, cap^
ryin^ with him two Rolls of Tobacco,
apd a little barrfel of Braddy. Whert he
was fo near that he mi^bt hew* what they >
did, one of them, whfo fcem^d > to, be>
their Captain, ask'd him in the Mafiavith
Language, Wha ivemre^^j^ i^At iveWaUt
have ? The Map^* reply'd, W% ^were ikfe^^
cbafifi aM Friends y that^ de^'^'d'i no$hifig iut\

$iey had AHy- thifjjg fofeHus'thdrr^Ms /&»
Mrpurpo/e, They immediately abated o^
their Fury, feertiy very well difp|os'd »^ *
deal with us, and made figns iq ^^eM^iii^
to come up to them : « l^ teturnM the
fignalto us, and we joy nd Companies to
our mutual fatisfadion. When we ca«le
near theni, I was «amazM to fee them
much fhorter than the Laplanders ^^ their
Eyes were little^ the wliite of thfem in-
clining to a reddifli-yellow ; their Faces
flat and broad ; their Heads great ; theiri
Nofes flat; their Legs thick, and their
Complexions fwarthy. * Tfeeir CtOaths
were a Jerkin that reachM down to their^
Knees, a fttait pair of Breeches, a» Cap
and Stockines, all of White Bear^Ski^^
the Hair tani'd outwards : Their Shoes
were made of the Bark of Trees.

Their Huts were all built and covered
with Fifh-bones, very low and Oval,
t&e Light entring only at the^ Door,

which

^4 ^ Voyage te the North.

whkh was oiade like the Mouth of an
Oven.

They fubGft by Hunting and Fiihing,
eat all their Meat roafted without
Salt, and ufe dry 'd Fifh inftead of Bread.
They drink Water after they have in-
fusM fome Juniper-Berries into it, without
boiling, or any other preparation : They
put the Berries and the Water into a
Tub together, and let it (land till the
Berries rot there, which gives the Wa-
ter a {harp and agreeable Tad:, at leaf):
in a Country where there's nothing bet-
ter to be got.

The ii^orandiM Women are as ugly as
the Men ; they are dreft alike, and go as
well as ihey a Fifhing and Hunting. They
have no Notion ot Religion, and live like
Beafts.

We barter'd away all the Tobacco and
Brandy we brought with us for our ftore,
for Fox--Skins, Wolf-Skins, and a few
Ermines.

They had a great many more Skins of
all forts,* and would feign have trucked
with •us for Brandy and Tob:cco : We
told them, We had enough of both Common
dities aboard^ and if they would go with us we
would be fure to give them all foffible fa^
tisfa^ion. They agreed to it, took up
their Skins, and carry'd 'em along with
'em to the Shoar, where they flood ad-

miring

A Voyage to the North. 64

hiiHng our Ships. We made a fignal td
them to fend us off Boati to fetch out
Chapmen ; each Ship fent lis two. I
went in one of them with the .Super-
Cargo, the Accountant that treated witH
the Borandiam^ thfc Borindidn with whom
he firft treated, and another of them wh6
linderftood the Mufcovite Language, hav-
ing been in Mufcovy : The other Borandi-
MS ftaid on i\\t Sea-ftidar. When they
came aboard, our Capitairi underftanding
what fort of Perfons they wete, how
ii^ild and brutal, to tame them a littld;
and render them ferviceablc to us, gave
each of them an end of Tobacco about an
Inch long, which they totfk with Joy:
He alfo filPd out d brimmer of Brandy t6
each, and I never faw any of the Birbd-
tians fo miich tranlported as they were
at their Entertainment. They brought
fome Furs with them, which we boueht
for Tobacco and Brarfdy. We demand-
fed of them, If thert wds anj conveni-*
ency of Truvellirig in thUr Couhtrj^ to
Trade with the Inhdbitarits ? They told us
There was^ but that me mufl: expert n things
but l^urs. We reply'd, That was the Com^
modit) xve wanted. They anfwfer'd, We
fnight have what w^ mtt/d' of that kwdfor^
Tol^accOy Brdndj and Mbnej ;' arid if ^^pleds'd^
flight Trade ai far as Sibefia', whither thejf
f^otttd ionduB tis. We hir d th6m to be;

66 A Voyage to the Uortb.

our Guides, forwaM andbackward, and
to furnifli us with whatConvenioncies the
Country afforded in our Journey, for two
Rolls otTobacco,and two Quarts of Bran-
dy, promifing them further rewards in
cafe the Trade turn'd to Account, and
they aflifted us in it. They faid, Tb4t wt
tnufi pajfor our Rain-Deer tutd Skdges^d as
for other thmgs they muld take care to fro-
vide what we (hould think neeeffary. Our
Captain • made the bargain with them,
gave 'em another brimmer of Brandy,
and then fet 'em afliore to prepare what
was proper for our Journey. They got
things ready in an inJEhmt, and made fuch
a report of our kindnefs to them aboard,
and our Generofity, that their Country-
men were very much our Friends. Two
Boats-Crews went aflioar, and our Su-
per-Cargo with them, to truck with the
other BorandioHSy Brandy and Tobacco
for Furs. They were unwilling at firft
to come aboard our Ships, but afterwards
• when we were better acquainted, they
came freely if they had any opportunity.
We bought their Furs of them, treated
them with Brandy, and in return they
invited us, by feveral figos, to their Ha-
bitations. In feven or eight Hours we
had provided our felvesfor our Journey,
and our two Borandians had brought

down fix Sledges, drawn by fix Rain-
Deer

A Voyage to tht N&rth. 6f

tHeer to tlie Water-fide : We ask'd them
ti^hf they did not bring more ? They an-
fWerM, There were no more to ie had in
thofe Part'si Obferving that thefe Beafts
Were larger than the Rain-Deer of Laf^
Idnd^ we demanded -5^ f^^ mre alfoftron*
ger ? They reply'd Tes^ and thap one of
their Rain^Deer Mfould draw two Men^
whereas thofe of Lapland could draw but one:
There w^ caftvenience in the Borindian
Sledges for twa Men to fit. Upon this
Our Captain calPd a Council of all the
Ofik^rs, and ^t was Agreed, That our Su-
per-Cargo, the two Accouatants that
could fpcak the Ruffian Lajiguage, ray.
felf, and a Seaman out of each Ship fhould*
go with the two Borandians to Trade.
One of the Sledges we loaded with To-
bacco, Brandy, Gold, Silver and Copper
to the valtiie of three or four thoufand
Pounds.Our Super-Cargo and my felf rode
together in one of the Sledgesjone Accoun-
tant and a Borandian yn another ; the other
Accountant and toother Borandian in the
third ; two Seamen in the fojiirth ; the
' Other Seaman in the fifth, and he riding
6y himfelf, we ftowM- fonie barrels of
Brandy and Rolls of Tobacco in his^
Sledge / The fixth carryM our Provifions
and other Merchandife. We fat one at
one end of the Sledge and the other ' at ,
irOther, facing each .other. The Rain^

F 2 Deer

i5S A Voyage to the Uortb.

Deer ran away with us as faft as thc^e
of Lapland. In eight Hours time they
drew us twenty Leagues over Hills ana
Dales, thro* Woods and Valleys, and we
met no Body in our way. At laft as we
came near a^Fir-Trce Wood, we faw
five or fix Houfes or Huts, about a hun-
dred Yards diftant one from another.
We arrivM at the Village, we baited our
Rain-Deer with Mofs , and our fclves
with Bisket and Beef : Our BornndUns
eat dry'd Fifh dipt in Fifh-Oil, for they
would not touch our fait Meat, and dia
not love our Bisket, Tliejr drank at a
Neighbouring Fountain, and then chear'd
themfelves with a Glafs of Brandy, we
did the like, and being refrefh'd, mount-
ed our Sledges, fet our Rain^Deer a
going, and TravelPd three Hours longer,
when we perceived a larger Village at
the foot of a Mountain : The Huts were
better built and clofer together, and thi-
ther we haftn'd to. take up our Lodging
that Night. We were oblig'd to divide
our Company, for one Cottage would
not hold us all. We met with the fame
reception from our Hofts as we had had
in Lap/and; we gratifyM them with an
end of Tobacco and a Cup of Brandy.
Our Guides took care of our Rain-Deery
and we lay down to reft on Bear-Skins.
I diftinguifli one part of the Day from

the

A Voyage to the North. 6^

the other, by Night and Day, tho' real-
ly there was no Night at all, but I do
it to make my felf the better underftood
by the Reader. VVe flept fix or (even
Hours, and then rofe to fee if we could
Trade with the Inhabitants .of the ViU
lagc. Our Guides informed them what '
our bufinefs was there, and that we would .
barter our Commodities for theirs^ They
prcfently producd fome Wolf-^kins^ Whhe.
Fox-Skins^ two Do?:en of Ermines ^ three
hundred Grey^ Squirrels^ and feven pair of
Sables. They aid not care to deal for
Tobacco, fo much as the L^f landers did,
nor as the Borandians dwelling on the
Coafts. They were not fuch good Fel-
lows, IJunting was their only Diverfion
and Employment. In the Summer-time
they cat their Meat frefh, boil'd or broird
on the Coals ; in Winter they eat it
drvM, providing enough in Summer to
laft them the whole Seafon. Their Man-
ner of Drying it is thus ; they cut it out
in pieces, fpread it on the tops of their
Houfes, and leave it in the Sun^ Ti^cir
.Huts are flat at topjcover'd with branches
of Trees and Turf ; they ^rc very Ipw^
having no place bqt the DoQr for tl^e
Light to enter at : The Doors of their
Huts are Jike the Mputh pf an. Oven.
Thefe Borandians^ as our Guides toLi us,
change their Dwellings from time tq time
■ • ' V ^ like

' ■»"«»■-; i-» T

7Q A Voyage to the North.

like the KJlops. They, live like Beaft^
without any knowledge of Religion :
They are ftupid and Ugly ; their Shoes
arc made of the Bark oja Tree ; theh:
Stockings, Breeches, Ops and CoatS|
which come down below the Calves of
their Legs, and are tyM rotind their
VVafts with a Girdle four Inches broad,
arc all of white ' Bear-Skin, the Hair out-
^ ward. One can't diftinguiflh th6 VVo?
*fnen from the Men, but by their Hair,
which is twilled and hangs aoWn on their
Shoulders ; they are as dextrous at Hunt-
ing^as the Men, and only carry a Stick,
fliarp at one end, In their Hands ; 'tis of ^
tough Wood, and ferves them for a dc-i
icnfive Weapon. The Strings of their
Bows are made only of the paring of a
Tree ; they hang a Quiver at their Backs,
and a Stone, that will cut like a Razor,
at their Girdles. We bought thelFurs,
the Inhabitants had to fell, for Money
knd Copper, and orders our Raw^Deer
to be put to our Sledges, mounted th^m,
and having drank each a good Glafs of
Brandy, which may bec?ilPd the Liqu(?r
of Lire in the North, We proceeded on
bur Journey. VVe ran eight- or nine
Hours before we came to any Habitati-
on ; at laft pur Guides fpyM three or four
Huts, and turnM our R^w-Deer up to
• them : VVe found no body in them i

' ' bow-

A yoyage to the North: . 7 c

however thither we went and refrefh'd
our felves on our own Provifions, while
our Cattle baited on the MoFs which
grew there in abundance : We . refted
three Hours, and then mounted again to
proceed on our Journey.

We traveird fifteen Hours befgre we
came to any Dwelling or faiv any Hu-
* mane Creature : When we had been fo
long on our way, we fpyM three Hun-
ters ridjng before us ; we overtook them .
under a Hill : One of them was dreft in
a long Robe after the Mnfcdviti^Fzihion ;
*twas ty'd round his Waft with a Girdle
four Inches broad ; 'twas all Bear^Skin,tlije
Hair outwards, and as white as Snow, the
Edges black as a Coal : His Cap was like
a Seamans, made of black Fox^Ski^ ; his
Breeches and his Stockings were of /^4/>-
Deer Skin ; his Shoes of Fifh-Skin^ fome-
what like thofe we faw at Vardnger. Tlie
two others were dreft as he was ; their
Robes were of white Bear-^Skwy the Haif
outwards.They had' each a Dozen of Furs
at their Backs, Bear-Skins^ WolfSkim and
white Fox'Skins^ fome Erm'mes and very
fine SahUs , the Bears Tails hanging
ftili to the Skin: The firft of them car-
ryM only a Dozen of white Crom and fe» -
ven Sables hanging at his Girdle. When
we came lip near enough, one of our
Guides ftopt to talk to him : He lighted

F 4 • QUt

•J

pa A Voyage tq the Uortb.

put of his Sledge, and the other went
into it : While our Accountant rode with
him, we admirM to fee our Barandian
leave us and this Man fupply his room :
pur Super-Cargo could not tell what to
make or it. The Hunter traveird with
us above an Hour, and we had as bad.
luck as before in this uninhabited Coup-
try : We met with neither Houfe nor
Man ; at laft as we dre\y near the brow
of a high Mountain, we perceivM the
Sea at 9. diftancc, and at the foot of the
Mountain, feveral Houfes built clofe to-
gether, which lookM like a little Town.
Thithejc; pur Rain-Deer carry'd y^s ; We
alighted to repofe our weary Linibs at
that Mans Door who had taken oCir
Guides place in one of our Sledges ; we
found he was a Man of Authority in the
place, by the officiouinefs of the Inhabi-
tants to ferve us as his Bric^ds. Th^^
Name of the Village was VitzorA : The
People that belongM to it, as foon as they
faw that Perfon in pur Company, rantq
help us out of our Sledges, and to un-
harnefs our Rain-D^er. He barterM all
his Skins with lis for Tobacco* and Bran*
dy, except his Bear-Skins which wip did
?iot care to buy, and his Sables' which h?
would not part with ;' indee4 he durff
not felt them.' Jbe Great Dqke of
^ J\^ufcovy^ in whofe Territories we were.

^ ■ ' ' - - •• ^ ' • ai4

i!' if

ji Voyage to the North. 72

an.d whom his SubjeSs call Cz^ar^ re-
fervesthat Commodity to himfelf: Thofe
who fell it without Licence from him,
m any part of his Dominions, are fevere-
ly punifli^d. He appoints certain Officers
to take thofe Furs of fuch as have them.
Thofe Officers have Warc-houfes on pur-
pofe in fevcral places of his Empire, and *
only they can trade in that Mcrchandife ;
If any one elfe fells a Sable Skin^ 'tis by
ftealth arid in fecret, and thofe that buy
it muft be careful how 'tis'feep^ for if
the Officers we have mentionM, or the
Governours of the Places that Strangers
go thro', find any Sahle^Skin or Skins a*
mofig their Goods,which were not bought: ,
of the proper Officer, all their Merchan-
dife, will be feiz'd and condemned. Ha-
ying dealt with this B$randiM Gentleman,
if any of that Country defervethe name^
- for all %\i^ FurihQ had by him 'that w^ri;
to be fold, he fent two of his Servants
about the Village to tell the Inhabitant?,
ThaP if they would bring us thfir Skins td
his Houfe they f^igh^ have Brandy and T^$^
baccQ for theWy as tBeir Majler bad had for
%is. The Bgrandians o^Vitzora were glad
to hear of fo good a Market ; they brought
us all their JF«ri imrneiiiately, and w^
gave them Tobacco and Brandy in ex-
thaoge for them/ We bought in this
place 'fifteen hundred Skins of all forts.

7i|. A Voyage to the Horth^

and our Cargo being too great for a Sledge^
we defirM our Landlord to do us the £u
vour to lend us a Bark which he faid he
had^ and fome of his Servants to go in
it with one of our Seamen, who was a
good Sailor and one we could truft, to
« carry our Goods a Ship-board : Our Ship,
'tis true, lay above a hundred Leagues
off, but the Sailor and the BorMdians SeN
vants, who were usM to the Coaft, could
^eafily manage that fmall Veifel, and con-
vey the Merchandife to our Companions,
on the South-Coaft of BoranJ^^. The
Gentleman agreed to lend us the Bark at
fuch a Price, and his Servants to help our
Sailor ; we paid him in Brandy and To^
bacco, as current as ready Cafh at Vit-
z^ra. The Bark was built in the form
of a Goniiok^ broad in the middle and
Ibarp at eacn end, 'twas all of Wood*
There was no Iron-Geer nor Nails about
it, it had a Fir-Tree Adaft in the mid-p
die, and a fquare piece of courfe'^ Cloth,
the Thread of it wove of the rind of ^
certain Tree, ty'd to -the Maft, to fervfe
for a Sail ; the Cordage was of the fame
make a^ the Sail : The two Anchors were
of Wood, and very heavy; the Cables that
held them were made alfo of Ropes of
the fame rind as the other Cordage^
He lent us two of his Servants to affift
our Sailor, and when ^hey were abput

to -

A Voyage to the "North. 75

to put to Sea, he fljewy: us privately thir- .
ty pair of ^ahk'Skhsy which we bought
wim ready Money ^ clapt theih aboard
and fent tticm away > we were glad we
Ijad got them (b'^ for othisrwife he would ^
riot have fold them to us. TTie Bark
being ready to fail vi^as a firirteinp^
tation, and feeing there was no IikeU4
hood of the Officers ieardiiagit^ he let
us have them. The Veffel wfAs to put
oiF immediately, and there was no Of-? ,
ficers near it to examine it^ ^Twasa dan^^
gerous rifqqe had there beert any Search^
ers at hand, for himfelf would have beea
Corjyorally punifhM, and. he and all his
Family fent Slaves into Sihetia^

Our Seaman and the two Bora»dUm fet
fail with our Merchandife, and our Super- .
Cargo and Accoutants fell to Drinking
with the Bomndian Gentleman ; While
they were making a Debauch, I went
about the Town with our other two
Seamen; I was pleasM with its fcitua-
tion between two Mountains, each of
them almoft a League high. All the
Houfes were built and cover'd withFifli-
Bones very artificially, the Crannies were
every wnere ftopt up with Mofs, as
iaftas a Ship newly CaulkM, and above
all, Turf was laid handfomely in fome
places that were moft expos'd to the
Wind, which had no paltage into thq
• - ■■•■' • ^ - :. 'Houfes

^*v

"J 6 A Voyage to the Vorth.

Houfcs except at the Doors, which
were like Ovens Mouths, as in other
places of Borandidy or at the top of the
Houfes, where there were Lattices or
Windows for the Light to enter. I faw
abundance of Women and Children at
work, fome making Fifliing-Nets of the
rind of Trees, others were making of
Sails, which look'd like fine Mats ; o-
thers ufing their Hatchets ; others Knives
making the Points fw Darts or Arrows
of Fifli-Bones ; others were fowing Bear-
Skin Habits, the Thread they usM wa§
wove of the rind of a Tree ; their Nee-
dles were of Fifh-Bones. All of them ai c
^B^y^ Little, Flat-NosM and Swarthy.

PH AP,

A Voyage to the Uorth. yj

rf«— aMriCkikMi

C H A P. V.

*
t

The Autheriira'vels from Vitzora in
Borandia^ to Petzara in Mufco-
vy : Of the Trade of that fro-
"vince ; his Journey into Siberiaj
fart of Mufcovy in Afia : He
meets with fi^t Gentlemen banifh^d
by the Czar for felling Sables. I heir

* Adventures and Mijeries.

WHen we rcturn'd to our Lodging,
we confulted with our Super-Car-
go and Accountants what we had beft
to do. Our. Commodities were not half
difposM of, and we were in a Country
. that was full of Furs : The farther we
went the plenty was the greater, and
confequently the Market the more incoii-
raging. We had a great deal of ready
Cafh, and our Commiflion being as ge-
neral as our Captains, who were to go on
a Trading Voyage to the North, whi-
ther they thought fit. for the fervice of
the Company* We tefolv'd to proceed

y% A Vpyagt to the North.

as long as we found the Trade to
good. We fent our Guides back with
Uie Rdin-Diery and Letters to our Cap-^
tains to acquaint them with our intenti-
ons, and give them an account of our
fuccefs. We then hirM a Bark to carry
us to Petzora^ the Capital City of a Prin-
cipality of the fame name, on the North-
Coaft of the Mu/eoviu-Sesi. Our Land-
lord' got us a fmall VefTel and two Men ;
we embarkM aboard it with our Cargo,
and by the help of an Eafteriy Wind
coafted a long Shoar , till we arrived
iAPetz4fra ; we got there in fifteen Hours.
The City is not very big, ^tis feated on
the Coaft, and gives name to the Sea^
as well as the Province about it. VVe
went to wait on the Governour at the
Caftle. He aflumes that Title, tho' in
reality he is no more than a Colleflkor of
the Cuftoms. Indeed all the Czars Go-
" vernors are fuch fort of Perfons, for
there are few Noblemen or Gentlemen
in Mufcovy ; they are all made Uncivil
and Jealous, Qualities that are incompa-
tible with Nobility. This Governour
' was a Mufcovite ; he was dreft after the
Palhion of his Country in a Robe of a
Violet-Colour Cloth with a mixture of
red. He gave us ibme excellent Metheg*
lin, which went down very pleafantly,
and was as fweet and racy as Sack. Af-^

tef

A Voyage to the North. y^

that we had Brandy and Ginger-bread,
the common Collation in Mufiavy. Know-
ing he had the charge of the Czars Sa-
bles, we askM him, If ^ muld fell us
f^me ? He faid H$ m^U^ inquiring how
many we wanted f VVe anfwer'd, ^M
he baJ^ if he would let us hwe a Pewfi*
iporth. He then carryM us to the V Vare-
houfe, where there were five Zimmers,
each dimmer 50 Pair, among which
there were tWo Zimmers of the fineft I
ever few, as black as Jet, for which v/e
paid him five hundred Ducats, and we
had the other three Zimmers for eight
hundred Cro\yns or four hundred Ducat?.
VVe bought all the Skins he had ;
They were Seal'd with the Czars Arms.
After we had paid him his Money,
he would treat us again at the Cafile ;
he order'd two Boats to Sea prefeqtly to^
get fome^ frelh Filh for us ; he kill'd a
young Rai^Deer^2if\d roafted fome Wild-
Fowl that his Servants had juft brought^
in. VVe had a noble Entertainment of
Fifh and Fowl, and young Rain-Deer
Venifon, which is good Meat. VVe
drank Brandy and MethegUn eight Hours
together, and the Fumes had got up into
my Head fooner, had I not 'ever now
and then eat ^ Mmfcovite-BiskQty thebeft
Bread in the North. The Governour and
his Guefts at laft began to be top-heavy,

and

80 4 Vbyage te the North.

and we all lay down to reft on Whitd
Bear-Skins, for he had no Bed to Lodge
usin.

We flept fix or fcven Hours and then
rofe. Our Hoft preferited us each att our
up-rifing with a brimmer of Braiidy.Wc
then went about the Tov^n to try if
. there was any Trade to be driven with
the Inhabitants. The Governour ofder^d
one of his Under-Oilicers to accompany
us, and we bought of feveral People two
thoufand Grey^Squirrels^ four Dozen of
Ermines'^ five nundrcd Fox^kins^ the
greattft part of them as White as Snow,
fnc-fcore of White-WolfsSkins^ two hun-
dred Marten^^ of a Greyifh Colour ; all
of them coft four hundred Ducats. We
obligM them to t^ke it dut half in Cop*
per, becaufe it incumber'd as, and half in
Cafh. We went back to the Caftle, whi-'
ther we fent our Mcrchandife, and where
we packM it up in Bales. The Packing-
Cloth was made of the fame fort of Stuff
as the Sails of the Bark we fcnt to our
Ships. Our Goods being thus taken care
of, we refolvM that one of our Accoun-
tants fliould return with them to our Ship:*.
To that end we entreated our Hoft, the
Governour, to furnifh us with a Bark,
which he did, and we hirM three Borati'^
diam to aflift the Accountant in his Voy-
age, the Governour pafling his Word for

them,^

<li-ll

A Voyage to thi NoHh. $i

i that they fhould be trufty arid
do us no wrong. For the hire of the
BarJc and the Bora»didf$s Wages, we paid
him ten Ducats more, and prefented the
BoTdndiMs with fome ends of Tobacco :
The Govemour engag'd to fatisfie them
further for their trouble when they came
back.

Our Accountant embarking fet Sail,
the Wind at Eaft-South-Eaft ; and we
fell again to Drinking with our Hoft
the Govemour. The Gentleman who ,
had eotertaiif d us at Vitzord^ accompa^
iiyM us to Petz^dj and drank fo hard
that I could not imagine where he founci
flowage for fo much Brandy and Me-
theglin as he fwallowM. We continu'd ^
Tipling four Hoursj and |;hen lay down
according to Cuftom, on Bear*Skins, to
repofe our felves.

Ai foon as we awoke, our Super-Car-
go defirM the Govemour of Pe$zord to
hire us fome Rdin^Deer to carry us in-
to Siberidy a Province which fom6 Geogra-
phers place in Eur of e and others in Jfid.Hc^
furnifh'd us with feven Rdin^'Deer and
feven Sledgds, one for our Super-Cargo,
one for our other Accountant, one tor
my felf, two for our two Seamen, one'
for (fur Guide, and the other to load our
Tobacco and Brandy.' The Provifions he
fopply'd as with were to laft till u e arrived

G • ate

8 2 t A Voyage to the Uorth.

at Pafiftowgoroi^ another City in the Erc^
vince of Petzordj on the borders of Siie^
ria. Our Fa£tor took what Money we
had left with him, and the fevcn Rsin-
Deer being put to the feven Sledges ,
the Governour orderM another to be got
ready for one of his Domefticks, whom
he commanded to wait upon us feveral
Leagues on our way, to a ViJla^ where
we were to change our Ram-Deer^ aiid
give *em to the Governours Servant to
carry back ; for all which he was to
have four Ducats. He- would not let us
go till we had drank five or fix Giafles of
Brandy at parting. We gave both him
and our Hoft oiFitzors hearty dianks
for their kind Igntertainment, and then
got into our Sledges : We bid our two
Hofts adieu, and foUo wing the courle of
the River, whofe Name vj have forgot^
we proceeded on our Journey with the
fame fpeed as in other places, where we
Travell'd in Sledges. The ways were
very difficult to pafs, we had no beaten
Road, and were four Hours before we
could fee any Living Creature ; at laft we
met four white Bears, of an exceffive
bignefs ; they croft our way, and feeing
lis, fled into a. Wood. Two H ours after
we came to a Village, confiftittg of
feven or eight Cottages. There was no
Body in them, the Inhabitants being all
gone a Hunting. We

Aroydge to tht "North. ti

• . * • • •

, We alighted oiit of our Sledgds, to
bait a little on the Provifibns we brought
with us : While We were eating, five or
fix Mtn, with their Wives and Children,
returned from Hunting, which it feems
liad been very Idcky to Jthem, for they
brought in with them fix Bear-Skins,'
four Wolf-Skins, a couple of Ermines,*
land eight Sables. The People of the
Hace were furpriz'd to fee us there, and
would have fled from us, had not the Go-
vcrnour of Pefzora^s Servant affured them
we were Friends and Merchants bound
for Fafiwmorod. When they underftood
we were Traders, they came up to us,
and viewM' us narrowly : They wonder'd
to fee 9ci 'many Strangers in a place fo
much unfrequented : They were afto-
nifliM at our way of Dref^our Looks and
^hape^ as alfp at our Language fo different
from theirs, and fo unintelligible to them r
However we dealt with them by the
afliftance of our Interpreter ; we bought
all the Skins that they dar^d to fell us,
and they lent us Raw-Deer and Sledges
to carry us as far as the mouth of the Ri-
ver of Papin(Wgorod.

, When we parted from them We left
the Courfe of the River of Fetz^ora^ and
proceeded to that of Papwowgorod. The
ways were almoft unpaflkble, yet with
ftiuch difficulty and fatigue, our Ram^
* ♦ . G 2 - Deer

beer drew us over Mountains and Val-
leys, thro"^ Woods and Forefts for three
Hours, before we met with Man, Wo-
man, Child or Habitation. - When we
had Traveird fo long, and ajpproach^d
near a thick Wood, we fpy'd five Men,
array M in white Bear*Skin Robes after
the Afo/Jw;>f-Fafliion ; each of 'cm had
a Fufee on his Shoulder, a Pouch on one
fide, and a Knife and Sheath on the o-
ther, like the BorandUn I^ntfmen. They
feemM to make up towards us, for whica
reafon we ftopM to fee whp they were.
Our Guide, who uriderftood the manage
ment of Raw-Deer^ immediately ftop'd
thcm^ and by that time the five Men
were advanced fo near us, that we could
hear them. One of thent perceiving we
were Strangers, bid us Good Morrotv in
the Germnn Language, wifliing, thej were
ds free u tve mre. Our Super-Cargo,
who was a Native of the Lower^axonjy
hearing him talk his own Tongue, ask\i
him IVhat Counirymam he was ? The Man
anfwerM him to his fatisfa£kion, and en*
tring into a lonRcr Converfation, they
recolleded fevcral things in their Minds,
by which they under flood that they had
formerly been intimately acquainted. Our
Super-Cargo alighted out of his Sledge,
embracM him, and demanded how ne
came there ? The Map reply M, W? was

0n€^

A Voyage to the North. 85

om of thofe wham the Grand Kjrg^ or Cz,ar^
had Utely hnifi'djor Hunting Sables. This
is a Crime which is punilnM with ba*
nifhment^ and that in A/^z/iriw; fupplies the
place of thd Gallics in France :. Some arc
banifb'd for tai Years, fome for fix, fome
for three^ fome for more, and fome for
lefs, after which they have their liberty
to go where they plcafe. Tlie more I
lookM on one of the five Men, the more
1 thought I had feen him before, and
alighted ou^ of my Sledge to fatisg(? my
Curiofity. As foon as I was on the Ground
the Man, who rememberd me better
than I did hinci, ran to me and embrac'd
me, fishing and asking me in the French
Ton^xxt Whence Icame^ and rvhUher Iwent'i
I was fomewhat furpriz'd at it, becaufe
I could not yet call to Mind wha he was.
His Habit had ftrangely alterM him, his
B^ard was long, and his Head bald ; be-
fides he was io falPn away he was no-
thing but Skin and Bones. Seeing I could
not yet recolIe£k where I had kno^m
him, he told me his Name, and that he
had drank vtxy often ;with me at Stock-
holm. I then remember^, that indeed be
was the Man to wboa> I had be^n vep''
much oblig'd, for the many Civilities I
had received from him in Sweden. He
was a Gentleman by Bntli, a Loramer^
aqjd was LieutenaptTCollonel of a Rc^i-'

G J nr.cnt

%0 A Voyage to the hlofth.

fOtnt of Mufiavite Horfe : Hp wowld
feign have perfwaded me to go with
him to MofccnPj promifing to procute iflc
an Honourable and Profitable Place in .
the Service of the Czar ; biit I did not
think fit to accept of his Propofal. The
fine appearance he made at that time, the
refpc£t that every one paid him, as well
on account of his Eftate, for he was Ridi,
as for the Poft he en joy M, and the Cha-
rafter he bore of a Man of Courage and
Honour, and the miferable Condition I
now faw him in, made me Sigh ; when 1
embi^cM:hrm again with extraordinary
AfFeftion and Tehdernefs, a$king hint

JVhat ipds the occafion of his Dijgrace ? He
?infwerM, The Czar fufpeffed he had not
^ been fo zealous *in his Service 4s he might
have been^ and for th^t reafon 0nljy banifti^d
hm'toSlh^Yizfor three Tears : That he was
^to ensure Miferies iphich were not' td beei;-
freJi-\ ' befides the dangers to which a/i Ba^^
pijhd ¥erfons are exfopd ^ in Hunting
Wild-Be ajls for their 'Jiiifijtdnce^ as fikewifi
Hunger and the rigour of the Sieafony which
they vskte forcHtq fufftr^ akdndne durft re-
lieve thetn. He faid ihej ri^ere 4f^ofi every
' Day attackld by tVUd^BeaJls which they met
in Herdsy feekingfor Pajturey and that^ they
had often much ado to d^iitd m^felves : And
furtheiS lif they did not^ each of them catch
fuch a number '0f ' Sdhks as they were con^
'^' ' '' • / demn^d

A Foyage to the North: 87

Jemffld fo furmlh the Czari Officers mth^
they vhfe each of \m Lifii^d with a fVhip
f^ade cf Leathern Thdn^s^ thick and hardy on
their N%ked Backs^ andfometimes ov& their
pfhoU Bodies J tiU the) fpere all in a gore Blood.

Our . Super-Cargo's Acquaintance told
hini the fanie Story : 8b did the oth^r
ihr^e, who f];)oke the GermHh and French
Tongues tolierably well : One.of them had
been Rcceiver-Gehefal of tile Czars Re-
venue in One of his Provinces, the other
had been a Major-General^ and the other
a Man of Note. They all deplorM their
Misfortune, affuring us that when the
time pf their Banilhmedt was out, , they
would get far enough but of the Czars
XWWer. We were extreamly touch'd
with the relation of their njiferable Con-
dition : We fate down on the Mofs^took
out the beft Provifions we had ^ an^ de- ''
firM them to take part of it. We 6fFer'd
them our help to make their Efcapes,
but they told us 'twas imprafticable, for
that they were known to all the Gover-
oours of the Forts and Places thro* which
they and we rtJuft neceffarily pafs ; and
in 'Cafe they fhould be taken, all our and
their Lives muft pay for their atteippt to
get off ; that Death would certainly be
our Puniflbment and theirs, and the moft
cruel Death which boundlefs Power and
Northern Barbarity could infli£l. This

G 4 ?nt

8S ^ Vfiy^^g^ to the Hot lb.

eocreasM our concern for tbofe poor \Uh
fortunate Gentlemen : We wept aU of a$

. heartily at the fad fight of what they
fufFerM) and the Idea of wh^t they were
ftill to fuflen Wq could not tibink of
parting prefeiitly with Perfons in their
^ifconfolate $t9te ; we had feen tli^m
when Fortune fmiPd on them, at lead
on fome of them ; we had been their
Friends, and \yj? thought it wfHild have
been cruel to ieav^ tt^em >)b^ithout endea-
vouring to render a Day or two of
the difmal tim^ they were to pafs,
pkafant to them : The Society of fucb,a$
they h^d formerly had a friendfhip fof,
would contribute towards eafing them a
little of the load of Grief that hung hea-
vy on their Hearts. Wj5 told them what
we wifljM, and that we were Ipath td
part fo foon, Our Tirade was not in fo
much haft, confidering ^he two large par^

, eels of Goods we had already f?nt to pur
pompanions in th^ Voyage, as to hindet
us fpending a Day or t\yo with Mea
in their Circumftancgs, whom we eqi^ially
lovM and qfteemM. The meeting them
;n fuch a Place, and in fo fad a Coqditioa
had fomething Romaptipk in it; and as
much as we were Merchants we had
liioie of Hero's ip us, than to fly froni
pur Friends in Adverfity, without taking
0^yf Days to condole with thcin, an4

A Voyage to the J^otth- 89

podeavour to aJienate their forrows by
Yitj and Commiferation. Befides thete
5X)nfiderations I had another, ' my defigi)
in the beginning of my Voyage was
more to make Oblervations oh tne North-
Parts of the World, than to reap any ad-
vantage by it. I had formerly made oiore
beneficial Voyages to the Indies and A^
frick^ than any thing I could propbfe to
my felf by Travelling into the North,
but having fecn thofe two parts of the
World, I had a Curiofity to vifit that in
which I was now Trading ; and to inform
my felf of the Cuftoms and Manners of
a People, lefs known to us than tlie I«rr
dia»s ip tli^ Edift and Weft, tho^'they
are at a greater diftance ^om us. I knew
the Gentleman of Lorrdh to be a fenfible
Man, who had liv d a long time in Mup-
cQvyy underftopd }Jie Sf;ate of the Empire,
and the Court of the Czar as well as any
Man, and intending to communicate my
own Obfervations to the World, I thought *
I could not do better than to compleac
the Readers fatisfaftion, by giving him
his, which would raakp my A'cQomt of
the Norjh pompleat i Waercfo/c I re-
folvM to ftay a Day or two with hiqi
and his poor Brethren in Adverfity, and
iearn of hitn what he could ibform m^
of the more nofed,, ^nd more populou^
paft qf Muffovj^ pf the City pf Moftowj

po ^ A Vaydgi *f the North.

and the Czars Court. Our bufinefi ob«
ligM us to keep ds near the Coafts as pof*
fible, and the Countries that hy near
the Sea came within my own knowledge,
but the Inland Provinces were out of our
way, and we had no pretence to, vifit
diem, my Companions Travelling ^r
Profit and not for Pleafurc. Our unhap*^<
py Friends rejoyc'd mightily at our ot
fers to fpend fome Hours with them :
To encourage us they told us, that they
had built themfelves five little Huts in
the Wood which they came out of, where
each of them retired when he chofe to

•

J)e alone ; that there was rooni enough to
entertain us all, and if we would be fo
Rind as to go thither with them, they
fliould be infinitely obligM to us. They
Icnew our bufinefs, and we fhould not
tefe^' our time : All the Skins they had
Were at our fervice, except the Sahles^
which they were forcM to refcf've 1 jr the
C*ar ; but they were little to be valuM in
refpeO: of the Joy they Ihould have
in our Company. They faid the very
remembrance of the happy Hours they
Ipent with us in their profound Solitude,
would make many fiiture Months glide
on the more fweetly. Our SuperrCargo
and I confented to flay with them out of
refpe£);,as the reft of our Company did out
of ho|>es of Profit, hearing theB[i offer to

give

A Voyage u the Korth. g i

gj.vc U5 their Furs, The banifliM Men
told us we muH Travel fojne .fcores
of Leagues before we could meet with a
convenient Market for our Commodities J
we readil3r agrded to the pronofal tliey
made us. When ws had ren'elhM our
(elves oh our own Provifioris, We orderM
pur Guide to Unharnefs our RiW^Deer ;
aiid convey'd owr Goods ihtX) the Huts the
Gentlemen had bdilt to deferid them from
the Weather. Their Necefity made them
ingenious, arid a thing could not be bet-
ter contrived, either for Pleafure or Con-
venience in 10 wretched a Place.- They
were built of I^ir higher, than any w«
had feen in our Travels. There were
two or three Rooms In e4ch' of them>
and Lattices to let in the Light at the
fide. They were each ihadcd by a Tuft
of Trees, and Pav'd with broads Bifli-
Bones fo artificially, that they IpokM as
if the Floors were inlaid with Ivory :
THey had diggM a Trench round them,
arfd ;^kllifadoM the Circuniference of the
;Ground, on which they were built, with
itrpf^g Pofts, which were joynM tojgether
by crofs Sticks of tough Wood,aod on the
top were Ipikes of Fifh-Bones, By this
means, when the Gate that was the en-
trince into it was fh'ut, they were fafe
againft the.fnfults of WildrBeafts, and as
fecure as in a fortlfvM Place. They had
" ' ' : all

P5 AVoy^lgc to the Kortk.

all Uxts of Hunting and FiOiing Tackle^
(lore of Medieglin, Bisket, and falted
Rdi0-peer Vcnifoo. The Loraiwr was
tt Temperate Man, but the others Jov'd
Drinking, fothejr and my Companions
fell to it. I always abhorM the Deoauches
we were forcM to make in the Nortb^
and was very glad I had an excqfe tp
avoid Tipling now. My Friend an4 I
withdrex^ to cpnverCe together, and the
Company perceiving we were old Ac?*
quaintance, permitted us to do fo. We
retired into his Hut, \and left the reft
With the Sdxofi in his, where they drank
away forrpw at that time , and after
fix or feven Hours fpent over '^tandy
and Tobacco, they all lay dowri on Bear-
Skins, tq take their reft. The Loraimr
and I, in the mean time, enterM into a
Difcourfe on his own Adventures : Hp
told me how he intended to return home
' after his time of l^xile was expic'd, and
how I might hear of him in France. Our
Converfation was tender and plcafant, it
ran partly on our former Acquaintance,and
prtly on the wildntjls of the Country ,anfl
the Barbarity of the Inhabitants • Upon
which I took occafion tq defire him tp
communicate to me the Obfervations ^e
had made on the Court, Country, and
Cuft:oms of Mufccvy^ telling jhim I in*
^^nded to Publilh my Voyage fa the Norths

»«4

A t^oydge to the North. pa

and wanted only foine Accouoc of the
Inland Provinces to mder it^ fome cnea-
furc, ()erfeft. He replyM, He was hatb
to ff^nd any of the little time we had to he *
together J on Jo generd a Suhjeif j hut if I
thought his RepeSiions and Remarks would
he Of any ufe to me^ he would give me the
Memoirs he coB^Sledy when he came frjl into
Mufcovy, for hi^s frivate fatisfaSlion. He
could not recommend them to me^ as things
that did not require to be carefully digefied
and methodix^dy hut he ajfur^d me the otfer^
nations were as juji and entertaining as ax^
he had heen ahle to make fince^ in fifteen or
Jixteen T^/ir j refidence in the Countrjm He
then went to a Cheft he had in a Corner
of an Inner Room, and took out about
twenty Sheets of Paper, containing the
fubftance of what I incert in the follow-
ing Pages, relating to the Manners and
Polity of the Ruffians^ as alfo the account
I give of Siberia^ which I took entirely
from his Memoirs. I would feign have
excufed my felf and not accepted his Pre-^
fent, believing he could finifli his Work,
and make it ufeful for the Publick, with
more fuccefs than^ I could. But he ob-
liged me to take\he Memoirs, faying.
The Things in it were now fo common to
him J that he needed no Remembrancer^ and
his fufferings had given him fuch a dijgufi
to the Countryy t%at he fhould never more

have

jf6 A Voyage te the North.

tily, and wifhM 'em patience to eddure
their fufferings, and a nappy deliverance
out of them, and fiduting them all round
— we wept reciprocally.

Our Rdm-Detr and Sledges being got
ready, we mounted and bid them all A-
dieu, the Kke did the Gentlemen to us.
Our Rdin'^Deer^ at our Guides fignaj^ ran
away with us^ and the unfortunate Ex-
iles went to their Huts.

Here I think it proper to incert the
Accotint of Mufcav^^ and the Mufcovkes^
of the City of Mofiwy the Court of the
Czar, and of the Province of Siberia^ as
J g^dierM it from the Memoirs ^ven
me by the Lornmer we met in the Woods
in thp Province of Petzors^ fubjeft to
the Grand King or Czar oi Mmfcovp

' V

CM Ah

A Voyage to the Nortk ^^y

♦ » ,. «

1 I « ■ yft

CHAP. VI.

I ^

Of the "Nature of the RuflSans t T/^^r
Contempt of the Sciences, Of their
energy \ their Uturgy , their
Churcheij Devotion^ Marriages ^
' and their Ctmliy to theit Wiifes,
Of thSe Ciariffii or Bmprefs , the
masher of the Czars . choopng d
VVife -, and of the Emperors Chil^
drem

T He .Territories of the Czar ot Em-
peror of Ruffla are fd little known;
that there have been few Defcriptioris of
theni worth Reading, which proceeds
from the little eommercc there is be--
•tween his iDoniihions and other Parts of
Europe ; and indeed between fomc of his
Provinces with the other. His Couritry
is the largeft in ^urdpe^ befides what he
poffeSes in :^Jia ; but rtioft of it is thinly^
peopled) and being ijninhabited in ftiany
Places , ^tis confequQfitfy enfrequented;
By this means Travellers never give thfem-

-ra. --

felves the t;rouble to go far beyond the
Coafts, or the Province of Mofeotif ', and
the Czars Subjefts arc fo illiterate
they can give no Account . of things, or
fo ignoram, that they know as little of
their own Country as.thofe that were
.•nevec itt it;..:.I foOnd very ffew Obfttva-
tiQn^qn t(iy OoPgrapfecal Patt of W^o-
' vj among iny Friends ?apers, but feveral
Remarks on tbe Cullonis and'^Religion
•^"^^tUufcwitUy with wtoehl believe
..;fbe"Kca4et.will bp^.^iverKd^ /or they
,;.were. vcA^ i)y, a j(5cntlwn wlip had
"more'dpporturuaes of ihwrming himfdf,
&^ti ever ^afaylSan of his Ca^H^ had
^ Ijclbtts hii?. Ev^f.Body ihat iVavels
into Mufi(nr/ with defign to fatis^e their
Curiofity, about the Manners and Polity^
. .^cclpfi^ftipaj^jin^ ^ivil, pit^Mttfcevites,
" wju ^eetj w.ith fct inany. difficultiesj: that
/^bey wiUha^ ^ve P^^^^^ ^fur-
fflpunt tfippi. The I*?9J?1? pT JRiijjSw. arc
niturally je^pjU^, and ii^jftruftful: They,
'have no l^nowleSge of, the X^6rld,^^d
Dutycry' little in , any , kind of Afrairs,
either Spiritual or . Temporal ; wnercWore
they /afpcQ: aW that make any Inqturies
into the State off heir Govefiiment or lie-

lig^on. ... , . \ .

Printing was pr6u*ght int^ mufcovy m
the Year i ic6,o,, and the Czzv tlicn reign'-
Ing, ere^ed a CoDedge for Profcflbrs to-

teach

A'Voydge to the^ Nbrih. g^

|«aeh^ Ordo^an afid the-£ii^//^ Tongue,

'but it camb to Nothing in a;.fe\^ Years* >

• ^The Pricifts, the moft ignorant illiterate

V Creatures ithat ever aflumM that Office^

tnio'd It, - 'for fear it might in time ruin

them. -Thefc Priefts are only Laicks of

|obd' lives adQ Con verfations, vtrho are

or that reafon chofen into the Pricft-

iiodd. Thfe occafion of the Mufcovitei

-embracijpg the'Chriftian Religioner was

; from' the ^ Prayers of a Prieft of Chhff^ -

]&^h6 "iftraying to Almighty God for the

'I>3k^ '.who was dangeroufly ill^ his

Prayers -were heard, and that Prince i^

^^ iiacutiAifly -rccoverM to his Health.

Thefr Liturgy* is taken from that of

^ the pTfeks^ ^ti? written iri the StUvonUn

Language,* the v knowledge of which is.

as rare amphg theth, as that of thb Latine

fittiong the -Roman-Catholicks.

.They imitate the Greeks in th^ manner
bf building their Ghurchcs : They
have Piftttrcsin them, and (formerly had
Icaages^^ richly adornM with Jewels and
bther coftly Qrhaments ; but this is not
fufferM n<>Wj all forts ef Sculptures be-
ing forbidden, and they look uf)on the
tVorflbijJ 'rendrcd them by the Papifts to
be Idolatry; /

They don't kneel at their Ptay-
. fers, they proftrate themfelves ori thd
' Oroundi On the Eve of certain Feafts

H 2 • cele-^

loo A Voyage to the J^orth.

celebrated amoog them, tbey fpend the
whple Night at Church in their Devoti-
. ons : They often throw themfelyes on
the Floor, fign themfelves with the 6ga
of the Crofs, and beat their Heads agaiqil:
the Ground. Amidft the federal prts
of their Services, rfiere are liiter vais in
which they difcourfe of their Wordly
Affairs. The Emperor feldom miffes 41-
fifting at the Publick Worfhip; H«? is
generally attended by the whole Court :
He difpatches Bufinels at Church, and if
any of the Courtiers are not prefent he
ieverely reprimands them.

On iVbitfunday. their Churches are filPd
with Maple-Boughs, which the Ku^iam
. miftake for Sycamore, on which they
proftrate themfelves , verily believing
that the Holy Ghoft defeends on thofe
Boughs, as Manna fell on the Leaves of
Oak in the Defart.

Mufical Inftrumcnts are not usM in
Churches. The. laft Patriarch abolifli'd
thatCuftom.

Their Prayers which are performM
three Hours after Sun-rifing, are cali'd
Obedni^ thofe that are made after Sun-fet
, are call'd Vacbemy^^ and thofe-an Hour af-
ter Mid-night %^outrinys.

Their

A Voyage to the J^^ortjh. ' lOi

. Tfacir Oied/ii or Morning-Prayer i$

, j^ave wer(y ufojp me^ Lord \ accoUing,
• to thy loving kindmfsy and blot out my trj^njr
^g^^Bp^^ According to thegreatnefs 4^d mfij^
titude of thy Bounties, " ^

Thpir Vfhertffov Evening-Pray cr is

P l^rdj hear my Prayer when 1 call ufon
theey and let my Cry come unto thee. -

Their Zjofitrinys'ox Prayer an Hour
:; . after Jylid-night js*

We put our trtffi in ChriJt\our Saviour ^
and all 0ur hope is in him.

. . They repeat the Miferere^ .which they
call tiofpody Pomelhy a hundred times 07
ver, and that Prieft who can Vgpeat it oft-
teneft in a Breath- is reckpn^d the beft
Man among em.

Five or fix of th$;m will read alo\id to-
gether, the pne a Chapter, ' the other a
.Pialto, t*he third a Prayer, and the reft
fo many more different thmgs with noife
and confofion.

Every P^riflh-Prieil: i§ c^UM Pofe'^t
Tat her J is Pope ^ohn^ Pope Peter-, a Bi-^
fhpp is ftiPd a mtropolitan^ and the Chiefs

' '' \ " ' Pfieii

109 A'V&jfSge tff theVdrth:

Pricft Prot0-P0pe. The Parifh Pricfts are
commoftly CloathM in Ked'Vtftmbfits j
fome wear Green, and others Bicw,^c*
cording to their feveral fancies': " Tne
forth of their Garinents is cliftuiglilfll'4'
from that of Caymen, by two little pieces'
of Stuff fowM on each Breaft. They
wear a red Leather Cap on their bal4
Pates, and that's alf the difference be*
tween their Drcfs and the Laity. '^^ The
Hair of their Heads and Beards is never
£hav'd, only the Crown of their Heads
which is always (horn. ; They muft have
Wives, but according to the ApbfHc St.
PauPs rule, no Prieft is allOwM to have
more than one during his whole Life.
Thus their Priefthood depends oh thfeir
Wives, and when they die it ceafes, f8t
which reafon they . Marry young, (hat
they may have a Benefice early, antf ufe
their Wives better than other MeA
Their Wives Garments are diftihgurfl?d
like tlieir Husbands, by two fittlt piet^^
of Stuff fowM on each Breaft. Their
liianner of Baptifm is much like that of
the RofflanCatHolicks, except that th^
always dip the Children they Baptife quite
underwater. ^ . - ; -

The Cuftom of buying' Foreigners on
/ purpofe to oblige them to turn Chrifti^
ilns, which was very much praflicM fay
them formerly^ is noW out of ufc, Wfacfl

V* any

I ♦

qoucee

RiiDim
tjfn,,

Apaen
qbfoy'

fioa of.
of '«in

%^ 4

is to b<
W,b
roafter

wHjut
K?,W6

where

mated.

The Nitpnal G^rfinonies are not verjr
great, a few Terions' of BotfJ "Sexes wait
on the%ic(e, abdin'threiaClbct'lritlv:
Afterjioon, to Cbui-ch: "0(hen't|i'e fi'iSt
\as (Jqfle'his ii^ce, the ^^nmi^ 'or Seii-
fq'n throiys Hops'bn ficr, ahcf wifliis tTiat
jpe pay be as fruitful as tHat Flan't. A'-
n<^er Officer of the Church, clbatfi'd in
Gpat<SfeiD) the \^6ol outwards, 'accog-
'" H'4' ' panTes

1 04- ^ Voyage to the North,

panies her home, praying all the way
that flie may have as many Children as
^erc afe Hairs on his Habit* .

Young Men lead flic Bridegrooni home^
and old Wometi the Bride, whois Veird,
'fo that nothing of her Perfon is to be feen.
The Parifh-Prieft carries the Crpfs hefpi^e
her to her Husbands Houfe.
' The new Marry 'd Couple fit down at
Table together; fometirties they have
Bread and Salt laid before them, but they
don't eat a bit. In the m^an time a Cho-

« • • •

rus of Boys and Giris fing an Epithala-
tjiium of Wedding-Song, fo lewd and
impudent, that 'tis a fhame to repeat i^.
^ When this Ceremony is over, an- old
Woman and a Prieflr condqa' the Bride
and Bridegroom to their Chamber^ wher^
the old Woman advifes the Bride to be
loving and obedient to her Husband^
and the Bridegfooni to he kind to his
Wifd. ' •s.Vh^/ •

: The Bridegroom in one of his ifellKfins
has a Whip, and iri the' other a Jewel
or Purfe of Mbney : " He commands the
Bride to pull 'em off, and if it happeiK
ifhe lights upon that Buskin firft.^her^
the Jewel or Purfe of Money isj he gives
it to her, which is Ipok'd oh as a happy
Omen for the Wife ; but 'tis reckonM.
unlucky for her to pull off that Buskin
lirft ^n which the Whip is, apd the Bridd-

A Voyage to ihe'^orthi- lOe

groom gives her a Lafli \VitH it, to pu^
mffi her for it, as a token of ^ the Treat-
ment fhe is like to meet with. When,
this is done, j:hey are fhiit up in a Cham-:
l)er. together for two Hours^ "Then the
old. \y Oman goes^ in and eXiaraincs if the
figns of Virginity are apparent, arid in
fuch cafe, ihe ties up her Hair in Treffes,
that before hung loofe afeoutherShouk
ders, an^ goes to her Parents to demand
the Mhrkia or Marf iage^Portion* . ■

To kefepthe Chambers warm in RuJ^
^ta^ they arecoverM with Earth two foot
deep, but when a Couple is newly mar^
Hed, that Earth is taken away from the
place >Vhere the Marriage is confumma*
ted i for Earth being an imgge of Morta-
lity, the Mufcovites think ^tis ndt proper
for the Man or Woman to have it in theitr
Thoughts*at that^tkne.

The Children df i\itRuffiMs^ young
Men or Maids, dare not refufe Husbands
tv Wives -proposed to ^em by 'their Pa^
'rents, nor thofethat dependbn any great
Man, thofe defignM for them by their
Superibur. Bori^JuanoidgMorifo^ thefe^
- oond Pelfon iii the Efiipirey having re-
folv'd to Marry one Of his Friends to' a
rich Woinan, z Dutch^Vomanhoxny who
had embracM the Rufjiun Religion,. . the
Widow went m^Uoris\ Wife,' Sifter to •
tlie Emprefe, ^ threw her felf at heii' Ifeet^

uA* pxfd hereto prevail Mritb^.Hi^^
buul not to.pDft-focH a^ condraint^ upipa
ber IncUnadoa, nqr.ol^ljge h^ tp brea^
a. Vow {he \aA made never to ^rry^
again. An her Prayers a^kl Tea^ werq
tnegeanai: Uau^% Wife-reply'd, Wbtft,

Wor^ *• his fgUndm

The mannor x&, the ili#Mi^ ufing tbeir
Wive^ is very fevere apd inhumane,
liio* 'ds much Ie(s now t^ 'twas ifor-
merly* Four or iBve Ye^s after my
Friend cape into Mufeovj^ a Tradefman
in Mofca»y after having beaten, his Wife
tinmercifbUy , forced her to put on a
Smock dipt in Brandy, to which he fet
Fur& and. burnt her to Dea!^.

What b more iirang^ ?ven thai) h^
Bubarity is^ that no Body pco£ec\ited
him for his Wives Murder. It iibenp^
there is no Law in RmSU ix>p9nifb ^ M^sfi
for kiUing his Wife, U^ *t was in Correct-
On. Some of the(e Barbarians tie up
their Wives by the Hair of x\\,p^ Hcii^,
firip 'em fhitk Naked* and ^hip '«ii;i i}|l
they are almoft Dead.

*Tis true they never ch^dtifp the$Q (o
Severely, unlefs it be for Adultpry or
Drunkennefs, and indeed 'ti» vjcry fcl-
dem n6w a-days that tiiey dsfi^'at all

AVifyageHv the\ Nsffh'i i %y *

hv' theiij.' ' The ' Hthers of tffe ywmg,
Wottienr^b' aW NfAtfyM^ rtowtake-dfe: .
riietdBty Prfeciittlons to^ ptevenr their
B^ti^tets^being, fo-ill^us?!: Theyob-
|ige;ttieir 'IfusbSids byMrriagjesAirticlfes,
itb'tf bat thertiactdrdltig'.tb: their Quality;
ib'be'tdidei' tbthem; to; maintain' dient-
wittj KKDd"Viftbaii and'gOod'.0rink,.JiQt
tb'Wnip thtta; riot fcratch, nbr. feicK
tfr^rtli Tiiaf WbiftaH'who kim her HUs-
band is bury'd alive, all but her Hiead^
atid' fb M tof expire in ttiffr ihilferable
condition; ' ' /

' There is fddom'ady Nferria'ge" celfefarar-
cd ihiJV!^(n^,efpeCiauy among Perfons of
'ILank, without fome Coniuritfg^and'ufing
Charhis; The- Friars and Nun^ a"re ac-
cused as- the riioflr guilty of thik wicR-
fed PfafiKce, whifch 'tis faid, tftey ftudy
in theu: Solltu4er. My Friend writes^
K^at hebasfcen a Man cotrie'. 4uC of the
Weddtog:Chambet like a Mad-ttvan*, tar-
ing his ifen* and Cr\4dg He mts ; undoM
dtid bewitched. The Cure in thefe Cafes
is to apply to fome Witches of White*

'Rttjfia, tbftimonly cafl'd' WHiie-J^agMafU,
^ho fot a fmall matter Ml Mbaey, dif-
fdve fhe, Charm, attd ufirie; the Knot
fh^t bthers had t/^ Thi& Man: was (b
ifcrv*di tb diftemper*d, ahdCo cur**.

I ^

The

I o8 ^ Voyage to th^e Korth,

The JM^fcovite Canon forbids any
Man ta have Conjugal Commerce wkh
his Wife, three Days in the Week, as,
MumUyy JVednefday and Friday : "Tholc
who break this Law muft bath them-;
felves beFore they enter the Church E>oor»
No Man is admitted into the Chnrch
that has had two Wives, every fuch
Perfon muft ftay in thft Porch, and he
who Marries a third time is Excommii^
nicated. ^ -

If a Woman is barren, a Man may
do what he can to pcrfwade her to re-
tire into a Convent willingly, and if flic
will not he may beat her ^iU fbe jgives
her confent to it, /

'Tis reported that thej laft Enjprefs
would haye beep jDiiut iip in a Monaftery
had Ihe ppt ^t laft brought, forth the
Czaroidge pr Prince-Royal ^ who w^?
born 9 Years ' agp, oh the 2d. of jTi*^^,
1 66 1 . The Emprefs had fe vera! Daugl>
ters, but that would not Ihave excused
her, unlefs. flie had had a Soii and
Heir. _ ^

When the Cwr of Mufcovy i^ willini
to Marrv, there are feveral young aau
Beaptifql Ladies pfefented to! him^ out
of which he, generally choofes .one
to be his Wife: The laft fczar 6n this
occafion, made choice Of aybiingXady
who was not at all lik'd by Boris fuanoidg,
•"^ the

A Voyage to the ^ertk. 105?

the Reigoing Favourite, and . MInifter,
This Lord wovJd feign have had his
•.Mafter accept of a VVitepf hischoofing,
/S^nd cndeavoiiir'4 to fet him againffi the
ti^dy iiCihad hiii|felf i chofen. He pro-
- posM to him the Daughter of Eliah Dti^
mioidgy a Man of obfcure Birth, who had
got intofojne Credit by means of a good
Eftjfte: left him by his Unkk, one Gram-
m/ttin Chancellor of the AmbafTadors
Office. The young Geotlewomans Name
was Mary, m& was not extraordinary
Handfom'e, but fiie was Witty and Cun-
oing, Mc^eft and Devout, at leaft ia
appearance. Boris thought if flie was
advanced to the Emperors Bed by his pro-
curement, fhe would be govern'd by
him, , and' his favour with the Czar made
his hopes the more probable : He intend-
ed to Marry the yoiidgef Sifter himfelf,
to ftrdngthen his Interefts by that Ally-
ance. T'he Propofal he made to the
Emperor was not at firft approV'd of j
he. was very much troubled at it, but
thought it would be his fafeft way to
diffemble his difcontent, and knowing
that the Emperors Inclination for the
young Lady he had chofen , was too
powerful for him to refill: openly,
. andjthat it might perhaps irritate Km
if lie difcover'd his averfion for the
Match, he refolv'd to break it off by

Treachery,

f I o i^ Veyage' to the North.

Treachcr/:To prcyeftt any fufpicion pf hii
defigns , he hribfd the ^ Women that

•were according tdCuftepi to prefcnt hci?
with the Crown, and they tyM the
young Ladies Haii^fd hafdj'?hat(hefell

. down into a Swoop ; the Y Vomen garc
out that jQie had the ^ Falling-Skrkoefsi

' Her Father who. brought her was fejZrM,
accusM of Trdafon, whip?d and; banifhM
into. Siberia. The Gentlewoman "^hcn

^ Ihe rcame to her f6lf, fquad flic was a
vaft diftance from th6 Throne, to.TVljtch
a few Minutes before (he was; fo near:
However, {he valtfd^ her felf fo^ inuch
on the Emperors choicetxf her, that jfhc
would never afterwards Marry, thtf fe-^
veral beneficial .Matdhes were offered her;

rShe was. not troubled with the^ Falling-
Sickriefs anj^.more. The; Ring an4 Fb(;ket-
Handkerchief the Czaf' gave her/ {he al-^
ways kept as a Token of her preference
in his favour, tho' of fo fhoft duration.
When the - Emperor underftood ^twas
only an accident occafionM by the tying
of her Hair too ttrait, he was very much
troubled at it, and aflign'd her a copfi-
derable Penfion to make amends for her
bfs of a Crown, and tlie ill uf^e her
Father had fufferM on her account.

Boris prcvaird with him to Marry Da-
mhidg^s Daughter, to which he was the
rather induc'd^ becaufe he was afraid of

U Vi^agi U the NoVrh. in

beibg BewitchM if he* fcftis'd, and the
^' Favourite Marry^d. Ji$f$e the Citur^^^

Sifter, as he intended to do if the Czar

confented to Marry Mary the'Eldell

Sifter. .

iTfio^ he ^ot- feveral -Advantages by

this Marriage, he 16ft one that was ntcSre
^>aluable^han allthe reft, which vi^as^his
"^ t^iet. He \iras Old and Jealous, ' his '

Wife Handfome anct Ydimjg They^quar-
^xelPd In, a little time, andhe causM Air.
^yfjOimi Barinjleyj an Zfiglilbman of Woree*
Ifi^fiire^ to be banilh'^d to Siberia^ becaufc
l\t fufpeded that he was too famUiar vi^ith

htv.^ Bffpifiej livM ttvehty Years in Ex- ^
^ ife^nd afterwards!iwas recaird : 'Hetum'd
" Froni the Protcftant Religion -to the Ruf
• /4/1- IVfarry'd a great Fortune, and liv'd

ztmojcm infplendor.

Etidh the Emperors Father-in-Law,
\^,^ykA hot fay that the Emprefs' was his
'.Daughter, nor any of the Family that

they were related to her ; even not her

' tJhklq foh» Paoloidg Marti fchu^ who wais ^

preferred to - feveral profitable Pbfts one
• *Fter another^ ,

>X^hen the Czaroidg or Prince-Roy af

is^' fifteen Years OldJ he is carried into the

.' Markct-PIace, ana fbewn in PuWick on

' Mens Shoulders'- that he may be known,

whereby to prevent any Impofture, there

having been many Cheats imposed on tlie

Muf.

1 1 2 -^ Voyage te the Netth.

covifes for real Princes. Till he arrives
at that Age no Body fees Him, but thofe
ifhat are intruiled with his Education, apd
feme of the Chief of his Domefticks. E-
vcn the ordinary fort of People in Mup
covy hide their Children from every Bo-,
dy. but their intimate I'riends arfd neareft
Relations, they haying a Supcrftition
among them, that Strangers have |»rtain
Looks th^t are unlucky.

Their Children are ftrdng and robuft,
they ' never Suck above a Month or two
Months at the moft, after which they
give 'em a Horn, or a fort of Silver Cup
made like a Horn, with a dry Dug of a
Cow tyM to One eild of it tor them to
Suck : At two Years old they make 'era
obferve Fafts, which are very ftri£l:. They
have four general ones in a Year, in Lent
they -faft three Days ill a Week, Wedr^
nefdxjfs^ fridayi znA S^turdctySj on which
Days they don't fd much as eat f'ifli, li-
ving on Cabbage, Cucumbers and Rye-
bread.They then drink nothing but ^4^,
a fort of Beveridge weaker than' Small-
beer ; they wofi't drink after a Man who
has eat .Fk(hy and when they are Sick
they will take no Phyfick, in the Com-
pound of which there is either Cor Cetvi
or F/V. Lepofy fo fcrupulous are they in
the obfervation of their Fafts.

A Voyage to the NortH. i i 3

, Their ulual Pcnaances are to bend their
Bbdies Crooked, to ftrike their Heads a-
jainft ah Image, fometirnes to eat nothing
nit Brcad^ Salt and CueumbcrK, and to
drink Only Water.

They never eat ariy thing that they
Mil Pagdno^ v. e. Impurfe, as HorfefleJfh^
Hdres^ Rabbits, Elks, or Mares-Milk,
Aflcs-Milk, &Ci in which they 6blertc
the Mofafcal Law in fome meafure.
„ The Emperors Magazines being burnt
lately, no lefs than fix thoufand Flitches
of Bacon were burnt in them, by which
we may fte that there's fonie differencci
between their Religion and that of the
Tartars J who abhor all manner of S wines-'
Pleffi. ^ '

Veal is reckon'd imf)ure, yet Lamb is
not* f^emcerTreacIe is, ^lib not allowM by
th^, becaufe thpre's Vipers Flelh in the
Compofition of it j nor will they eat any
thing if, there is the leaff Musk, Civet,^
or OftorvFlefh ifi it, tho'the Barbarians
feed on it; in the North very frequently.

Sugar and Sugar-Candy are 6V^Wi?///?^/,
/..e. Focbidden .on Fall-Days; and a
Knif^ that lias cut Fleflr mull not be us'd
rill twenty four tlourS a|ter. .,

The' R-egQlarity that the Mi^fcoy/h s oi>^
ferve in their Fairs, is of great advantage
to them, ;they' Would nOt witfioutf ft have
Meat chaogh x6 fer<^e their otCafioriS, be;-

1 14 AiVoydgt to the hhr^K

caufe they arc forc'd sjUi the Winter Ipng
to fhut up their ^t4e in Houfes» for five
or fix Months together ; and the Pea-
fants, who are perfoft Slaves, don't much
care to trouble thcmfelves about %acHar
fing their ftock of Cattle, for fear their
Lord fliould come and take 'em away
from them, ■ which is very common for
them to do. .

I nil llll

G H A P. Wlh

Of the Patriarchs: " 5/ the Btmali
among. tJje Rufllafts : 0/ ihtir ix-
ceffive Oebaml>es in the Carftavt^^
time: Of their Imager , their fu-
mfhment of Hefeticks : Of the '
Liberty of the. M<w^jr ,md Nuns ':
Of I heir Mufich^and Darning.

THe Patriarch is chief of all theBo-
clefiafticks : The Perfon who ex,-
crcifes that Office at prefent, left the
Court two; or three Years ago on fome
difcuft he took at the Mihiftprs. 'Twas
faid he began to make Innovatitwis, "a^d
- * that

AVoydge ta the North. 1 1 5

that {ic did ^dt love Images, tof whrcli
.^ tfce Mfifcovrfes pay a great deal of refpeft.
The Patriarchal See has been ever fince
Vacant, but the Metropolitan or Billiop^
or rather Coadjutor, performs all the Do*
ties of his Oflfice, and the Czar dares not
fill the Patriarchal Chair fo long as the
abdicated Prelate lives, fo highly is his
f erfon reverenjt?d in Ru^a.

Of 9II the Mufcovite Ceremonies, that
6f PiiAw-Snnday is the moil extraordina-
tv. A hundred Men are order'd to clean
the Streets for the magnificent Proceflion.
The Enjp6ror marches a foot, richly
drefsM in Ctoth of Gold, the Train of
his Robe born up by princes, and all the
Court waiting oa hjm. The firft that
gpes before hitn, is the Officer that car-
ries his Handkerchief, lying on another
'Embroidered all over, which hangs on his
Arm,;' the Servants of the Houfiiald go-
ing before him. In this order they pro-
ceed to the Church calPd Jernjalem^ bur
they flop by the way at a Place built
iv^ith Free-ftonCj in the nlannerofa Plat-
form, where The fays his Prayers, bends
his Body alpioft double, tuxrimg towards
the Eaft, and then he enters the Church
tfjerujah^ny which is i;iot .far off.

He ffays fhtre an Hoirf; arid then re-
turns back to Ms Pklace, holding oh his
' A-riB tlie l3ridle of the ' Patriarchs Horfey
'i' ' ' ' I 2 -cam-

\i6 A Voyage to the North.

caparifon'd with whit© Linnen, on which
the Prelate rides afide^ carrying a Grofs
in his Hand, and giving his Benedriftion
to the Veople. Ihc Reins of his Bri-
dle arc three Ells long, fuppotted by
three Gentlemen marcning behind the
Emperor. Inftead of a Mitre, the P^-

* triarch wears at that time a flat Cap on
his Head, adornM with Diamonds and
Golden Loops, edg'd round with Ermines:
A Band of young Men carry feveral pieces
of Stuff, of three or four Ells long, be-
fore hifn, fome Red, fome Blue, fome
Green, fome Yellow, and fome w other
Colours. The Metropolises^ the Pm<?-
p^pes and the Popes^ have all of them Ch4r
fuhles on, a fort of Caps usM by the P^
pip) Friefis when they f^ Mafs. The
Gentlenjaen and Lawyers/ have Boughs
of WiHow, inftead ot Branches of Pakn,
in th^ir , Hands. The Czars Guards^
whidi are very numerous, proftrate them-
lei ves flat on the Ground ; and a Trium-*
phal Arch is born along with a Tree on
it, from which feveral Boys in tile Ma-
chine ftrive to reach the Apples. When
the Ceremony is over, the Patriarch fends
the Emperor a Purfe with a hundred Ru-
bles in it.

The Bells ia the Church calFd "Jemfa-
lemy a re faid to be the biggeft m the
World ; there is one of them tliat weighs

thirty

A Voyage to the North. i ij

thirty Tun, and when *tis rqng, it almoft
deafens all that ftand near it. The Czar
delights mightily in hearing them.

There is a Niche in the Church where
the Patriarch ftands to give the People
bis Bleffing, after which he fays thefe
Words, G^ And eat nothing thfife three

As for him himfelf, He lie$ prpftrat^
on the Ground all Night, and continties
in Prayer till Edfter-Daj. The CJ^ntk-
man oi Lorain^ from whofe Memoirs this
Account is taken, told me a Story of an
accident that happcnM to an E^glijb Mer-
chants Servant on this occafion.

The Seryant was a Ruffian by Birth,
but born far in the Country, and having
ixtytvktn fuch a Ceremony before, when
he went to Church he came back fo mer
lanchoilyy that his Mafter took notice of
at, 3J3d askM him the reafon ot it, The
HuJfiM told him the Orders which were
given by the Patriarch, That no Body (hould
eat any thing in three Days time^ and was
afraid he fhpuld in the mean whilg die
of Hunger. He fafted two or three Days,
and was ready tq eat himfelf, not being
us'd to fuch Pennance, however he held .
pur, and phen fworc he would never go
to Church to hear the Patriarchs Blefling
again.

1 ? On

1 1 8 A Voyage to the lfort%

On Eajfer-Ddj the Mufhvite^ Men dnd
Women falute one anomer with a Kife,
give a red Egg, and cty Chriftos t/as
Chrefchy God blefs you.

In EAfterWiek all the Emperors Gepr
tiemen and Domcfticks kife the Patriarchs
Hand, and he prefents them with red
Eggs, or thofe that are Gilt Thofe of .
the highieft Quality have thr^, fhofe of
fhe middle Rank two, and thofe of tlpA
lo weft one.

The Patriarchal Palace joyns to that
of the Emperor, 'tis biiilt of Stone, and
for its largenefs is very ftately, but cllc
\\s a mean Building,

The greateft fign of Joy in the Ruf^
fans on their Feftivals, is their Drinking,
and their moft folepn Days are thofe io
which they make mpft Debauches. 'Tis
iio great fhame among *em for Meii,
SVbmen, Pricfts and Lawytrs to be feen
feeling in the Streets. When the Wo-
men of Quality have a merry Meeting
together, fhe who makes the Entertain^
jtnent, fends to all pf them the next Day
to know how they got home, and hoW
they paft the Night. The common An-
fwer to this Compliment is, / thatik ytmr
Mffif^^rs for Qur good Cheer ^ I was fo merry
fafi Nighty I can*'t tell how J found oaf

foufe out^ •

, :A Foyage id the Ndrthi 1 1 9

The Burials of the TRu^di^'s SLVcrery
particular. As foon as a Man lias given
tip the Ghoft, all the Windows ot thfe
Chamber in which he DyM aie immedi-
ately fet open. A Balbn of HoIy^Watfer
is brought for him to bath his Soul in.
A piece of Bread is put on the Crowji
of his Head, that he might not die of
Hunger in the long Journey he is about
to take. They put a pair of black Shoes
On his Feet, fome Copeakes or pieces of
Money in his Mouth, and in his Hand a
Certii^te fignM by the Metropolite of
the Place, to inform St. Nicholas of his
Life and Converfation..

When that isdbne, his Body is carry M
io Church, where 'tis kept but a very
little while before 'tis inrerr'^d.

The Wife of the Decea$M is oblig'd to
fliow an ioconfolable Affli£feion, and to
hire bther Women to mourn with her.
The moft pompous Funerals are tholp at
whicli'a great number of thefe Merce^
nary Mourners afiifl:. Thefe Women
have feveral mournful Queftions which
they a^skof the Deceased, in a difnial
Tone, as Ah^ my Dear ! jvhj have you left
.us ? Dic( not your W-i^e do ^%ery thing you
rvouU have her ? . ^Did [fje not take due care
of your Houfe ? Did fhe not bring you Jeve^
ral pretty Children ? Didjoa want' any thing ?
Or etlc they ask him, Why did yo(4 Dif?

I J ^ Hid

lap 4 ^pyi^&f '^ *^^ Vptih.

dreffy and ^s m^ch Brandy as you mnld
prink ? For it feems Brandy is fo Divine
a Liquor with them, they fancy it will
jnake 'em Immortal. .

When a Man Dies withoyt having Con-
feft himfelf, or receivM fome extream
Un6lion, he muft not have Chriftian Bii-
rial. Suph as have been killM or are
ftarvM to Death with Cold, are removed
to a Place where the ^mskyPrecaus is,
there they lie expos'd fpr three or four
Days, thofe that own 'em in that time,
are permitted to bury them, or elfe they
are lent to Boske or Bogzi Dom^ that fs
the Houfeof God, .where in a Vaulted
Cave may fometimes be feen three pr
foiir Inindred Carcafles at a time , which
the Priefts bury one after apother in St,
"^ohn^s Church- Yard : Thpy read a Pfalm
bver theit Graves evei'y D^y for a Mpntfi
after they are Bury'd.; during all'that
whije the Dirt is qof thrown in upop
thirii, but their Graves are coverM wit|i
a thick Mat to keep out the Rain.

All the Car naval rimg the Mufiovitef
abandon themfelves to all manner of De-
bauchery, and drihl^ To exceflively the
laft We^k before Lent^ ' that one would
think they ought to drink no njore as
Jong >5 they fiv'd/ There is a fort of
^jandy drank amqng them, fO ftrpng

A Voyager to ^he lJor,tb, 1 2 1

* • • ^

^nd fo fubtle, that 'twill take Eire in their
Mouths, froiji whence^ 1 have. been told,
Fiapie will fometimes iffue out, arid, the
CounVry People fancy 'twould kill them
prefehtly , if they had not Milk ready at;
hand to extinguifh it. Many of them,
after a Debauch ih tlift time of Carnaval,
going home, fall ,dowa on the Snow, and
would freeze to Death, if others fome-
what more fober, did notme^t with'enf.
'Tis a very melancholly fight,at that time,
to fee ten or twelve dead Men drawn a-
long on a Sledge, one having a Shoulder
eaten otf by Dogs, another nis Face, and
ibme nothing but Bones left. There fel-
dom pafles a Carnaval without two or
three hundred fuch terrible Accidents.

If a Ruffian finds any one of his Ac*
quaintance ir^ danger of Death, he wiU
not alfift him to get out of it, hecaufc if
he dies in his Hands, hemuft pafs Exa-
mination by the Judge of the 2^sky
Preraus^ who always takes care to majce
him pay feyerely before he accjuits hini.

The Mufcovite Images, while they had
any, were like tlie ^ncient Greeks^ only
they were more ugly and courfe. My
Friend asking them. Why they reprejented
ihir Gods under fwh deformed Figures ?
They reply'd Their Gods were not Proud.
ifJhtn the Paint;ing of any linage was
worp out,' ^t was parried pa place call'cl

1 aa A Voyage to the North.

Gods Market^ where thofe that bought ie
had another ^v'n *em in Exchange^ for
which they paid fome Money. If the Msn
who made the Image was not fatisfied
* with it, he gave the rerfons that wodd
Exchange their Image a pufh on the Back,
which was a token that he did not
like the Sum, and the Ferfons gava him^
uaorc till be was content/ This Traffick
\KW carry 'd on without Words, t:o fave
Pecencies, for they would not hare it
thought that they fold their Gods. ^Twas
a great Critne for any one to fay he had
bought an Image, he only caird it £x«
changing.

Thofe Images that w^e done witb|,
were thrown into the River with a piece
of Silver, thofe that flung 'em in making
the fign of the Crbfs, and faying Projii^
in Englifh, Jdieu Brother y or elfe Projfi
grandi^ God he with pu ny Brother.

When there happens a Fire any wTiere,
the firfl; care of th^ Inhabitants was to
fave their Images^ and if by chance they
were burnt, they did not lay they were
burnt but VanimM on High, When a
Church is burnt,they do not call k bum; '
ing, but afcending, as that fuch 4 Ojur^h

is a/ce;uied.

They give to th«ir Nicholas^ fo their
Images were nam'd becaufe generally
th?y were<that of St. Nicholas ^ thtir moll

precious

A Voyage to the Hdrth 125

iMfccIous Treafure. A Womati who had
drdi up her Nichoiai vety fiat With Pearls
and Diamonds^ being fall'a to becay,
Went tb Church to beg him to lend hcv
fomething, re^efenting the neceiSty Ihe
was in. The NichUsta^^c her nether a
Word of AnfWer, fhe took his fileiicc
for confent. and prefumM updii it to take
awav a Ruoy or two. Tbe Pticft watch*
ing ner narrowly, fee her tikfc it off, feiz^cl
her, and carry^d her before a Magiftratc^
who condeinnM the pOoi' Wdm4n to have
both her Hands cut off, which Sentence
was executed upon her Accordingly.

As for the Images that were in private
Houfes, they put Jewels upon them and
took them away as they thought fit, and
when they were ftreightned in their Af-
lairs, they fprnetimes ftripM *ein to their
very Shirts.

When any one is convided of Herefie,
he is put upon the top of a low Houfe^
from whence he is thrown down head**
long into a Fire, and there confum'd to
Affiles.

The Rules of the Mufcovite Monks
and Nuns are not very ftrift : The
Monks are ereat dealers in Wheat, Barly^
Hops, Horles, and every thing that they
can get a Penny by. The Nuns take a
great deal of Liberty, they go out of
their Nunneries* wheq they pleafe, vifit

■■■■■'■ .■■■■..■ . t ■•■ tji^ij.

1 34 ji Voyage to the North.

their Friends, aad .cotnmoniy live with
more LiceoQe than, becomes their Sex, as
well as tjjejr Prpfcflion.
' . The Ruffid/^ Mufick is very bad, not-
wi^thftandirig they have feveral Schools
"(yherc thdr Children are taught to Sing
arid'Ptay upon Mufical Inftruments, with
care and levere Difciplinei. They bofr
rowM dieir Notes either from the Greeks
or SifUvohUfls. Their Gammut is not at
aH vary'd, jnftcad of Sol^ Fa^ La^ they
Sing Qdy Gd^ Ge. Their Cadences are
the tnoft extravagant of any in the World,
and nothing can be more ridiculous, or
rather monftrous, than their awkwg^rd I- ;
mitatioh of the lialUn Kecitativo.

The laft Patriarch having forbidden \
the making of Mufical Inftruments, and
it being thought by fome of the Raffidn
Minifters, that the ufe of 'em was pre- -j
. judicial to the good of the State, they
have very few Inftruments of any fort
]eft fimong 'em ; however, |;hey ftill re- t
ierve the Bag-pipe, which is in great re-
putation there. They have fome Violin?,
the Bellies of which are made like a Lute,
but they can't play above four or five \
Notes upon 'em.

Elidh the Emperors Father-in-Law,

, being fent Ambaffadorto xht Hague y the

Dutiby who were willing to gain his

good'Graces, prepaid an Entertainment

tor

A Voyage to the tJortbl . 1 25

for him, at which their beft Muficians
and beft Voices perform'd their utmoft to
divert him. Some Gentlemen asking him

hotP he lik^d the Mufick and Smging ? he
anfwerM, Very mll^ far the Beggars in his
Country ask^d Jims after the fame manner ;
meaning the Beggars there always Sing
when they; beg, as they really do in Mi^'^

covy. , . ,

The Warlike Mufick of the Mufcavites
is th© Kettle^Drum, whofe dull ibund
agrees with the. JVfclaochoUy Genius of
the Natioij. They have fome Trumpet?,
.which they fouad very ill, and Huptmg-
Horns made of Brafe.

I have feen fome Anthems of theirs,
fet by the Patriarch of one of their Choirs,
for fo the chief Mufician is calPd.

The RuJ^s don t know how to Dance,
thqy iniagine it does nptfuit well with
their Gra^vity- Their chief Dancers arc
their Tartarian and Poiifh Slaves, whpm
they call in to divert them at their De-
bauches with rude Dances.

CH AF.

P: • I

> >

't >

J atf A V4jiage t» the North.

t n h f. vm.

(^ the CircaiHaiis and Cofllicks / Of
haws and Covernment urf the Muf-
covkes .* Of the Rufsian Letters^
and their Matttter of Writing • The

. CharaSkr of the EtHperer Alexis
"•Midiadowitz , with a Cofuparifoa
hetween him and bis AnceforSf
mtd of Us Wars.

XHc CtYca$Ms inhabit part of IT^r-
uvf^ they are barbarous in their
icrs, and fwarthy in their Complcxi-
ens* The Circafflan Women are tlfgly,
Fat, and extreamly givpn to prinking ;
they fometimes get Drunk at a Feaft be-
fore they fit down at Table, grow Sober
with Eating, get Drunk a fecond tinfie
as loon as their Meal is over, and a fo^
cpnd time grow Sober, either with Dan»
dng or fome other EKercife : They are
all in general fo much in Love with Dan-
cing, that he who has not a Fiddle ready
in his Houfe, i$ look'd upon as a very pi-
tiful Fellow. Their

A V(j^e to the North f i i^

: li'heir Goyeramimt isentirely aa Anar-
^f. The iPeoptci in aa In^urrefUcn
diey fBade, deftr<^^4 aU the Nobilisf^
awl they are now ^oycrtf d by C\M or
GqIohqIs^ charfei>aJB»0iig tlteitiielvet^ with
whom the moft orduiary fbrt of the Vul^
gar are as familiar as diey jpleafe^

Tho^ tbeir Reiigioa is tm imp mth
^HiC of the Mujiiwi$€Sy they don't do as
i^RftS^r fi^bid all Strangers to enter
their Church«^Doors ; oa th& coiatrary
they are.open to all Nations^ and they
receive every Body with all poffible De*
mooftratioas of good Nature and Hof-
pitality.

Their Soldiers are calPd C^fofua^ in
the Lan^ge of the Country, from
whence fome Perfons ha^^e imagtfiM that
the Coffacks are a Najdon. of tliemfehres,
whereas they are only the Militia of the

. The Soil of Ri^s is not fo frdttful
and \yarm as that of Cmaffta. Witch-
craft is very common amodg them, and
the Women of the highefl: Rank make
(DO fcrwple to ftudy the Black- Art.

The Government of A/«/r^ is arl ab-
solute Monardiy. There are fcvcral
]Gourts of Jufticc,- eallld^ Precaufes^ the
Judges of them are iXrbitrary, and the
Judgments they pronounce are decifive.
•The KulJiMs have few Written Laws,

and

1 3 8 A Voydgi te the North.

their Judges, when they are not biafsM
by Bribesy which have more power over'
them than Right or Ft^fidents, govern
themfelves in all Caufes by Ciiftotn and
Example in like Cafes. Their Clerks
write always Kneeling, nocwithftanding
they have Tables before 'etrt : They leave'
a great fpace between each Line to waft
Paper, of which prodigious quantities
ate confum'd by them, and thus pick their
Clients TockttSy fome/hmg like the Chancery^
Clerks in a KJi^iom* very iPeU knamf^ te th4
EngliOi Re^dJers^ dnd the Country Jttormys
* there J x$ho ruin more thm War i3t Fife eveit
dfdm ••* —

Podiack is a Name given to the Clerk
or Secretaries of their Courts, and theif
Principal: iscalfd D/Mk. ' ,'

All their Bufinefs ' at Law runs in tKe
Nature of Petitions ; they are rolM up in
Rolls ; the Advocate prefents them to the
Judge, over whom thiere is Cctemonly
a Boyar fet to obferve his Aftions, and
to inter pofe hisSuperiour Authority when
he thinks fit. If tlie Bo^ar. fits iri Perfon,
all Petitions, are prefented to hicrt, : wbtt
giv^ it to the Secretary if he doek not
incline to return an Anfwer prefently, and
the Secreta^'y will not put him in mind
of it, unlefs the. Advocate bubes him.

<^ -4

Th«y

I. •

AVdydgiio the North. 13 9

They hive. tWp an4 forty Charaflters
in theii: Alphabet, moft pf therri Gre^k.

The 'Czar now Reigning, i^Anno 1670)
was born in the Year x 6 30 : He djefcepd-;
cd, by hi^ Mothers fide, from "John Bxfi^
lomt^^ and had an Elder Bfother that
dy'd young, who was a Prince of great
hope's, only he IhewM too much inclina-
tion io Cruelty.

( ; ft(i tobk delight in plucking out I^i-'
georis Eyes^ calTing 'eai Rebels arid Tray;
tors, and Sometimes to pull off their
Hfef^cfs", faying they Ijiad betrayM his Far
tilBr'and nini^felf, Md 4eferv^d to be fd

us d. , » , \

'The^prefentCzai; is Six Foot high:
Hii Meib is Lofty and Majeftjqk. He is
?at, aiid of a fangume Completion.;. His
Hair IS of a light brown Colour. Hq
hevcr fliaves his Bear^. . When he is An-
gry hie^^ Very Crue), but oth(?rwife very
good riatDr'd.' iSeing orie't)ay preft ve-
ry hatd by the Officers of the Army to
condemn a peferter,tQ Efeath, he an-
r^tv^i^y^twayhot j:ea{o^ to do it^ for
GcA hdi^not gihjen Qourdge- alike to dlLMe/ti^
He loves his Wife tenderly, and is gi-
ven to no. manner of JDebaucnery.; He i^
Wy kind to his Chiidrefi and Sifters, lias
an excellenl: Memory,^ i^?V^Wy ,0evour,^
and ncV^r iriifles going' 'to Morning and
Evfening Prayer. If he is not well| he

120 A V&ysgf to the Vorth,

has Divine Service perfbrth'd in his B^-
Chamber, but if his Health permits him,
he conftantly goes to Chapel at Prayer-
Hours to be prefent at the publick Wor-
Ihip. In general Fafts he always alfifts
at the Midnight Devotions, and ftanjds
upright four or five Hours together, on
fomc occafions oroftrates hUnlelf to the
Ground a thoufand times, and on others
more folemn, fifteen hundred. He pcveir
makes a fet Meal during the general
Fafts, except on Sundnjs^ Tuefdays and
SaturdMs^ on the other Days he eats only
a bit ot brown Bread and. Salt, fome Qms
cumbers and pickl'd Mufhrooms, and
drinks only a little Small-Beer. In t^ni
he never eats Filh above twice ; hebb-
ferves an exaQ: Faft for the whole Sevai
Weeks, during which he lives upon Bgg^
and Milk. n

Befides the great Fafts, and, fome ci-
ther little ones particular to th%Ru04ns,
every Monday ^ Wednefdof and Fridof
throughout the Year, he won't touch a
bit of any thing that comes from Flelh-
Meat, fo that of the twelve Months in
the Year he fafts eight.

In Publick Proceffions he walks with
his Head bare in dry Weather. Tho*
he is thus Very Religious, and a great
Bigot to his own Religioo,neverthelefs h''

• w"

J P^i^i^A to the N&tib. g^i

m^ili ndrfiiflfer hiS ^ubje£fe,\irhcn they dic^
t0 tuequedth large Legacies to the Ctiurch :
Nay^ ill time of War, ahd fometimes iiii-
d&M^^ret€n£S ofrborrowiog, hetslkeia^
way the Chui^ch^Plate and never rellprcs
it ; If he did not do fo^ his Revenues
Would not 4ri%er hisEscpcnce, the Churdi
^ing in 6t)iSi0Mn df twd Think of the
Rich«fe©fliisBhi|Arfc; .
;^ ThJireis afe Hofpitaifor bld-M^ in
liis F^kce^ in which fome have livM to
4ie 0tle Jnitidred and .twenty Yeavs oldi
H^ stakes a ^leafure in vifiting them, and
ialkiri^ with diem. of BvientS'tbat hap-
ifin^ddntlii^Reigtisdf his Anceilors.
«t Ott:(jAfi^J&ikii; at Night he vifits all
-Che Mfoni, pays fome of the Prifetaeri:
I>S&t^ '' ^^dns' fome Criminals, accord-
ir^ t^itbeit feveralDeferts, or the fmatl-
jitfs^^ their Offences^ and givdi Alms to
afl that are m wantv

AU the iE^leiiaflrical Benefices in h\i
(Empire, are |n his: Gift, but he was fo
^ngry with the lift Patriarch, that he
Would :ndt nominate. . another to fucceied
^Itn; wherefore he order^d^ thi^t the
'Pretenders to the Patriarchate fhould
caft Lots, Which Cuftom is fince abro-

-gatedb'^' v^'^>' ... <i . . .

In flhort, this ' Eniperof has a great ma-

" ny=fabiiineiQpaittt^^:jind ^^snais it not th^t:

' -1 K a s he

1 3 ft A Voyage to *fee North.

lieiiasabQadancb of itt CdmidsOors atKHit
bitn, who turn him from the goo^inray
be would other wife choofe to Wdlk ip$ i. {le
might be reckonM-ahion^ th^tGit&t^S:
and Wifeft Princes oflus Age. * 1/ 7 ; -

His Fatliers Inclinatiods ; teoded fo
Peace, bis own tends to War., He h«
had feveral (^rxek r wkh (tl^e^ .T^r^i^^^
Suedes ^nd Poles^ by wht<^ his^lDoounipffs
liave bem fo iixipoybrifii'di. skfKbdffpppu-
lated in ten Years time, that th&f wiU
not recover their Jofl«s in .fottyi» af)9r ^^
in the flourilhing condition thi^y\Vif9Uiffk
at his coming to the .Crowd; .. 7 ^i;J] ;

The laft P^de in MafcithnJCAnfd ©jF
In fix Yeai's time, feven or cighc hundred
thou fand Men, Women and Children.
The Crim o^TMtury'm four orfive Years
]ed above four hundred thoufand jaco
Captivity, wha:never will return f&Aifff'
cevy more, and three. hundred tboufai}^
^t leaft were kiird ill the 'Warsi j

The beft Lands in Rujfu are worn
out with often Ploughing^ and the worft
. ca n't be cultivated for want of Labburctjs.
Thofe who Sail up the Volga will all ,tbb
way meet .with fix Women for pne
Man. The Price of all Commodities is
rifen fix times the value they wc»e.»bc-*
fore thefe Troubles ; and Coppcr-Money,
which formerly usM tQ pafs current a-

mong

-.-i.1. r:-.

A Voyage to the North. 155

moog them, is now in no Credii^ the
^^# .aqd Di;f/f ^ rcfuOing^ tp take it jn
all Payments whatloevcr.

. ^ .

i^-i^uj.

CHrA p. IX.

the\Kije and Pr ogre fs ofWel^iiSi-
ail Empire :-, of the Family of the
Cizr^ of John Bafilowitz, fur-
nam^d the Tyrant, his Conquejis^
his Humours^ his Vencraiion for
Qu^en Elizabeth pf England,; Be
joyns him f elf with ' a Company of
Kobbers: Of the Etimology of the

'] Word Czar : The Emperor^s
VVi'veSy his Diet , Recreations^

- Vipts^ and the Czaroidge or Heir-
Apparent.

^ ■ * ,

THe Ruffians were freed from the
Slavery of the Tartars in tl^e t'ear
1679, h^'John Duke of Fotodomirj who
at firft had only the Sovereignty of that
Putchy, but at laft.he extended bis Cou-
' .. •-/ K ? '' /^qucfts,

qucfts, feizM the City of ikfiy?w/\Cap>
tal of the Kf^fiM Empire, and ^xpeU'd
the Tartars out of liis Territories. His
SuccefTor "^ohv Bafilmitz, renderM the Rufr
San Name, 'which had £br feveral Ages
oeen the Contempt of the Norih^ formi-^
dable to their Neighbours^ He was Cru*
el, and therefore firnamM the Tyraqt;
however that Cruelty was exercisM moft
on the Enemies of his Empire^ whom he
iubduM, and made way for its future
Growth- He was 5^rave, but of a very
v^himfical Humour. One Day he went
to his t>iack^ or Secretary of State, and
prefented him with a Petition drawn up
m form in his own Namp, and addrefs^q
to th&Diofiky wherein he pray'd him to
^tfrnifli him by fuch a time with an Ar-;
my of 200000 Men, which would ex-
^eamly oblige him, arid engage him to
fnind him always ih his Prayers. The
Diack who knew his ttumouf, teceivM
the Petition, and faid it jGbould be an-
fwerd. He raised the Men with cxtrcam
Diligence, and 'twas y/ith this Army he
<:DnquerM Cajan and AfiraQan^ and made
himldf Maftet* of 5/^^r^^^^ and moft of his
Dominions in Afia.

The Mufcpvites lovM him for his Valour
and Earailiarity with theni. He afiefled
%Q h^ ^ kijid to ihe Populace^ as he was
fevere tPthe'i?(?>W/. He always held 2^

A Voyage to the North: 135

Stick in his Haod with an Iron Spike in it,
the point of which was very fmrp, . and
often as he talkM with them he would
prick them in the Legs; if they endur'd
the pain with conftancy, he ever after
took them into his' Favour^ and had a
great efteem for them.

Complaint being made to him that 4
Vayvody or Governour of a Province, had
receivM a Prefent of a Goofe full of Du^
cdfsj he fent for him to Court, making as '
if he knew nothing of the Bfribe. When
he came there, he took him to a place
where Criminals ^ were commonly Ex-
ecuted, and commanded the Haiii^man
to cut off his Arms and Legs, and at
every Blow he askM him How he iik'd
Goo/e-F/e/h.

Hearing the Inhabitants of Volcgds
cheated their Cuftomers by fhort meafqrc,
he fent Orders to his Officers therq, to
get him a certain Yard or Meafu re, to fee
whether it was fo long as it fliould be,
and finding it fall fhort of the Lawful
Length, he FinM them feverely.

Soipe Ehglijb and Scotch^Mem laughing
at certain Freaks he committed »t a Feaff ,
he commanded they fhould be brought
before him ftript ftark Naked, and in that
condition he forcM them to pick up five
or fix Bufhels of Peas, one by one^ \vhicU
be had thrown about his Cl^aqiber on
. ' ' ' '^ " purpofe.

purpofe : When they had done, he let
them go, having firft made them Drink,
and admonirhM them not to laugh at him
pother time.

He orderM a certain Perfon of the Pro-
vince QfCafan^ whofe Name S)^as P/e-
hApuey or Baid-Patey to be fent for. Jlis
Secretary miftook him, for inftead of
XV'riting to the Vayvod of the Province to
fend lip Plehd/ve^ he wrote for one hun-
cJred and fifty Kald-Pated Men. The
P^Ajvod could find but four-fcore, which
he fent to the Secretary, with a Letter of
Excufe, that he could not compleat the
Number he requirM of him. The Em-
peror reading the Letter, 'Was anskzM at
It, and could not im^ine what tie meant
by fending fo many^ F^ld-Patfes. At laft
the Secretaries over-fisht wa$ found out^
and the Czar was fo m from being An?
gry at it, that he made them Drink/and
io difmift them. The Sfecfetaries Blun-
ider was turnM to a Jefl:,V and Jie c^me oft
much better than he expected- ' *. '

He had fuch aq Efteem of and Friend-
fhip for Queen Elizkbeth of Enjgland^ thdt
he took hold of all opportunities to ftiew
it. 'T was thought by fpfne Perfbhsof
thofe Times, who pretended to be very
good Politicians, that he intended to
Marry her,, tho^ we fuppofe they had
very little Grounds for their Conieaurcs ;

. nor

4 Voyage, to the 'NoKtk. i g 7

nor was it likely that the Greateft, Fin?^
eft ahd mott Polite Princefs of Europe^
would Marry a BdrbAYfaH. However;
^t\iras faid/Y^nen his Affairs were in a bacj
CotlditionV* and'he w^ obliged to fly
with his^'Ttreafurei to l^(?%^4j^ ' whicn
City he fordfy'd, thkt lie defigqM to riiake
his Efcape'^to '£/?g/^^rf in cafe he was
IbrcM to quit Mufcovj ^^hi(^ he was not
without fear of., in a Tumult of the Peo-
pie and an Incurflon of thp Tartars^ but
he triurriphM ovcr.all his Ehemies. 'Twas
this Prince who ofderM a Foreign Am*
baffadors Hat, to 'be NailM ta his Head
for daring to wear it in his Prefence^
Notwithftanding which barbarous Aft,Sir
Jeremy Bowes j the Queen ofEfJglands Am-
paflador, coming to Mopcow loon after,
not only J)ut on his Hat before him, but
itockM^ it; boldly. The Emperor ask'd

ilim If he' had ttot heard, hon^ ^ another ' Atkr
'idjfa'dor 'h^d lieeH us'd for ihe hke or kfs
--ffefum^tidh:' SirJ^r^^'reply'd, r^j, 5/r,
^i have J but'Ia^ the Jmbdjfador of Queen E-
li^abeth 19/^ England,w'i&(7 neisher takes off her
%hnmi nor Jiands ^are^headedtd any Prince
whatfoever.Her Per Jon, IrePrefent^and [be mU
rehjenge to the tftmoj^ whatever Jffront: is »
put upon her Minijiers. Upon this the
Emperor turn'd about to his Courtiers,
and faid Theses a brave. Man for jou that
ilares Talk Md A£l thus for the Honour arfd
•I • ^ •■-''■ ' ' * Jntmfi

IjS AVayage to the Uorth.

haereji tf his Miftrefsy wkici of you R^-
€alspmld do Jo much for me?

Sir Jeremy Bowes was cavy'd by the
Bo)idrds on this Account, aiiul thofe of
them who had the Czars Bait moft, per-
fwaded him to give the Knight a mad
Horfe to back, hoping he would break
bis Neck in attempting it. Botpes ua-
dertook the Task, and managM the Bead
with fuch Addreft, that he mounted him,
rode him and (6 tirM him that he lay^
down under him, k)ft his Mcttal, and
did not long furvive the Experiment;
after which the Czdr highly honoured Sir
Jeremy^ and gave him leveral particular
marks of his Hfleem. ' '

John Bnplptpitz, making a Progrefs thro*
feveral Provinces of hi:$ Empire, [divers
Bcyivdit^fiA oiher Per fons . prefentcd him
With fuch. Gifts as they vthougbt woqld
be moft acceptable to him. Among tlu:
reft a Shoemaker confulted with his Wife
what Prefent he Ibould make his Maje*
fty . A pair of Lofkies w Shoes £hc thought
would be too little by it ielf, and fo Ihe
advis'd him to root up a great Turnip
they had in their Garden, and carry it
with the Louies to the C&ar. The Em^
peror was fo well pleasM with the Pre-
Tent, that he ofderM all his Attendants
to buy Shoes of him, and to give bim
ipr themi twkre as much as they were

wortb.

A Voyage to the Norths 1 39

wortfa. He liought a pair of them him-
fclf. By this means the Shoemaker was
put iii a condition to drive a brisker Trade,
^nd growing rich in a little time left off
his Shop. His Children who inherited
his Efiate^ became Gentlemen, and are
known to this Day by the Name of the
l^fotskies. Thete^s a Tree near the place
where his Houfe flood, which when any
one comes by, he throws off his old Shoes
in remembrance of the Shoemaker.

A Gentleman who undbrftood how
well it had far*d with this honeft Man,
thought if he prefented the j^niperor with
fomething confiderable it might have a
proportionable Recompente, fo he gave
him a very fine Hprfe, and the Cz^ar in
return made him a Prefent of the Turnip
the Shoemaker had given him.
^ This Emperor di%uilin|; himfelf one
Day, rambled into the Count t y near Mof^
fiw, and coming to a Village, enquired
at it for Lddgiiigs. Every Body refused
tpo take him in, except a poor Man, whofe
Wife Wis crying' out, and was delivered .
in the prefence of the Emperor. He
rctUrnM to Mofmv egrly the next Morn-*
ing, jiromifing his Landlord to bring him
fome Godfathers and Godmothers. The
next Day he was ais good as his Wqrd :
Jle went tp his Houfip, attended by his
wholt Court, mad^ him fe vera! rich Pre-
•^*>'^ .'- - ' - ' ' {cats;

I ^

1 4Q ^ Voyage io fbe Vort^.

fents^ and fet Fire to all the Houjfes 14
the Village except his, only vyarniiig the
IiiKabitants to be more charitable tor thp
future^ . tell^ijg them Thdt- the Ufi my, tp
teach them how to treat Stramers hereafter^
was for 'them to experience thetnfelv^s hm
tkayant it W4S to be driven to necefpty^ 4W
li^puijn^ the ^ir^ in Winter. .,. . .. . /
He often took delight to aflbciatehimr
felf . with Robbers. He advisM them on
a time to rob the Emperors Treafury,
affufing them he knew how it was to be
done, thwj fays t>ne erf the Thieves, gi-
ving him a box oW Ear, you Rafcalyouy
\ would you rob the Emperor^ who is Jb good
and gracious a Prince. ' Had m not better
: fa& upon one of the rich Boy ards^ who cheat
\ and plunder him every Day. The Cz,ar was

fo well pleasM with his Anfwer, that he
changed Caps with him, arid bid him
'meet him next Day zt Duaretz,^ a place
Iby which he nsM to^o freauently. He
told the Thief they would oe very mer-
ry, and drink a Cup of Brandy and Me^
tbeglin together.. The .Robber . came at
the time appointed, the Czar feeing him,
tallM him. to liim, and advisM him to
change his courfe of Life, gave, him a
Place at Court, and made ufe of him to
difcover and punifl) the other ^Qgue§ |^f
his Gapg,. ^ * . '

4 Voyi^'to the North i j t

Tile :W<JraTC-?Sir;'isi fojike that of C^
fiti. ^m Jt a^atentfy ast4f riv^d froto it,

Tongue : The Rafftam fay '\t m^ia»^Titk
above that o^Kjng. They call DavidyC&ary
and the other Kings of Europe^ Kyrlos^
the? EttfBi0lQg^ of ifivl^ifk: fee«)§; tG^.jcome

H^ Alatis ,MiditelQ5viti.4j^*i&f Qrm^
Little afid White Ru^^Oi<S(W^m^je».;^

:. Mo&o^yj,>«miaV4lfladoraijs,*«<s|rNo-| j ^^
Aftrte?n<)C)?jrfr<^>8iberia,T)i^4^.Plct' \ ^--y'"""
■ skOj.UgorskOfiFoiinsko, y ciabko/ Bol>i

:. ..gar^p jf#?<if-iW Qfeat .Dffkg laf NoTr
. :'. gor0d|i<?f' Aif«? ' ^f^imej -of. iCDhfemigora^
r; j<.ezAri, Rsi^QW 1r4ro(kve,-!:Belduzer,
. OdQiiri^;^ fpli^pia , 'i$d Condioea :
•MT'Jhoii^^oj^rf^ tjf^-fyim(t'0^'* lytftg- t<f 'the
North; Lord of fhl i^^ of . Yyi^'\a.f
of the Dutchies of Cartilinan, of Grent-
•..•'ipintan, an^ of fever al ether Courttries

4ttd

t^i A'y^yage to the Nortk

MorchYoufFridec^tts^ out tMbir Md

The C%d^i Arms are the faifie with
the GermM Empefors, he of Rifffid pre^
tcodiog to bQ ^(ccndeA froiA' tht R^mdM
TMpcrotSy as well as htfdf Qeimtf^* The
dif$OTend& between the Ctars Eagle and
the Gfi^m^icr Emperors isy-tkat the- forifier
has a GeorgeHn Horfe-bbck on its Brddfdr^
and a Mitre with a Crown tin it beivheea
the two Heads. Some Ferfons pretend
Jeh^ Bafihwitz. added the George to his
voat on account of the Order of diei
Gdrier whictf Tie recdvM frOm Queeh^ £-

»* The C^tiiKinever M&rriesa WwAan out
of his bwn^Dinininions/ Hecboofes one
lb fai^' liking/ generally among the No-
biliify^ Ibmetii^cies atQong the Gentry and
Commonalty. Elish the- Emperors Fa-
ther-in-Law kept a Tavern twenty Years
ago, and his Daughter^ the Etnprefs Ibid
Muflirooms Wt the Market As foon '
as the Czairs Wife is Dead, all her Fa-
mily loofe their Credit; and all thei^
hopes die witt*hcr.

■..•-• ■-■'^ ■ ' ■ • • the

,\:-

A Voyage to the Norik 1/^2

^ The Emperor never ihews himfelf to
his Feode^ but on certain Feftivals and
Days QtpubUdk Re joy clng* When h^ap-
pears ^tis always with f^omp. He is mag-t
nificehtly drefi, his Globes glittering with
Qoldand Jewels, andhis Attendance are
numerous^ all of them handfomely.Ap-

l^rdlM. ' *

'Tw veryfeldpm that he^Dinps in Pub-
Tick, /when he does his Nobles Dinfs in
his Preience. His Guards arc poilred all
around his Palace, they ftand like^{b>fna#
ny Stgtues^ pot daring to ftir or fpeak^
for i^iof; making a Noife* One ; would
think ^ by |:he;pro^a^ is al«

ways ' tnere, that* the rFIaqe was a £)e-
lart; No Bocty) enters the Inner-Court
but'lhis pomeiiicks^ and feme Lords
wHojfe 0£6)?^s /require, their Perfopal At*
tendance in the Imperial Palace.

.JHei^iVjf^^ Drinks little or my

w tne,. wid iw!^ puts Oil of Cinna-
mon pr Cwnamon-Wa,ter into hi^^SmaJl-
Beer, to make it ^he more pleafant^ for
Ginnamori-Water is as much usM by Per-
fons oCX^uality in Ru^y as Rofe-Wa*
ter ellewhere. The Smell of Amher-
gris or Mmk is not valuM by them.
They have aDrinfccairdBr^/sff,. which
he. commpnly Drinks, 'tis wh;?t in Eng.
/^W we call At- Ale. His Bread is all

• : * made

ijLA. A Vo^dgi t4 the North.

made of Rye^ which the RuffiMs imagiacS
to be more noxitHhing than Whedt, ]\
Whfen he has ^a mind to treat hii G^n^-'
tfemen Kfe commaridk fteiaa to fit round
about him, and plies them with a fort
ftrong Water * double and treble StilI'd.
Thofe that arc not usMto it, areaptttf
be very Sick with it. He will often pud
a little jMiTf«rJ! in ^ti's(nd takes pleafure
In fnakin^ them Drunk. At dach Meal^
he fends a Dilh from Kis Table ;to his
Favdurite?. - ^' ^ '" *^

Ctei EMfter-Daj all the Courtiers, and
the Nobility and' Gentry in and abom^
idofiow:^ wait * up6n |iitiii kife his Hand;
and he gives them E^gsf ^ * ; ^ 1^-

He never paid a Vifit M any oneof h&
Siibje?fts, exce J)t his Governour, who be-*
iflg Sick one time* he wdiit to fe<i hirii; *' '
When he goes but of TbWn, '\\itWr^
Jtern Gate pf the Outer-Wall is G^' and
f6 remains tifl he' comes back again. He
generally goes out at that Gate, unlifs
upon an extraordinary Ofecafian, as hap-
peh'd a fefw Y^ars ago, when the Wall f elf
down on that fide, and fo hewas^fbrcM
to go another way, ; *

He lies in his Shirt and Df alwefs un-
der a rich Quilt made of Marten-Skins.
He has but one Sheet under or over hin&t:

A Voyage to the NortB, i^t^

^ His greateft Recreation is in Hunting
Fallow-peer. He. does not oiatter kil£
ing of them, providing he can but hunt
them down. He loves Fowling, has three
hundred Falconqh, ind the beft Ger-
Falcons in the World. They are brought
out o( Sikrid. He hunts Wild-DucP^s
with them. ' ^' ,- : ' ' ' ' ' -
> The Sdn of th6 Emperor li calPd Cz^-^
rpiJgj fd are all his Children. . When the
Emprefs is brought to Bed, the People
to fliew their joy, p>refent the C&ar witK
fonietliing dr other which hfe commonly
rcjurns.^\ If he UkeS arty Preferit and
keeps it,^ he pays, ai great deal more fof
it than it is worth.

\: ."'•, \

• •

ft . *. •

14^ 4 V^y^* '^ ^^^ t^mth.

v^ n Bk P« ^«

bf the Cxars Kje^e'tiues, of his Cdurt^
Jetpels aft4 Chaths j of the Em-
friffd^ M Ladies >f Hmm'-f
ApfdnU Hotp they Travel^ of the
Mariners arid LaHgudge of the Ruf-
fians, vpith the il^ertrtee bettpem
' tb^m' tkd ofbef 'NaH0iis : Of their
funifhrnents in Criminal C/fes ; an
Inflance of it. Of their Ignorance
and Idolatry, and their Veneration
for St. Nicholas.

AS the Czdr's Dominions are very
large, fo hb Revenues are the
fame.

In the firfl: Place, He is Mafterof the
Elites and Goods of all his Subje£ls. No
Heir can enter upon his Fathers Lands
on his Death, without the Emperors
Confent, to obtain 'which he muft put
in a Petition to a Court ereded for that

pur-

A Voyage to the North. a^j

purpofc, to give Pofleflion to the Chil-
dren of fuch as die^ and have made their
Wills, and to feize the Eftates of fuch as
die Inteftate^ or without Heirs, or are
conviftcd of any Crime by which their
Eftates became forfeited.

Secondly, His Cufioms on ajl Goods'
Exported and Imported are very confide-
rable.

Thirdly, The C&bucks or Shops where
Brandy is fold, as alfo thofe of Strpng-
Bcer belong to him, and he lets, them at
what Rent he plcafes. Some pay loooo,
Ffjloles^ and others 20060 a Year, accord-
ing to their Trade and Abilities!.

Fourthly, His Baths and Stoves bring
him in a great deal, becaufe the Mufco^
'vites^ both Men, Women and Children,
are obliged to Bath often out of a Prin*
ciple of Religion. When the Water of
the Bath is too hot they throw cold Wa-
ter upon thofe that are in it, and fome,
df them, before they enter the Stove-
Chamber, roul themfelves in Snow.

Fifthly, The Emperor is the chief Mer-
chant in his Territories.

Sixthly^ The Trade of Siberidn Marten
and Sable Skins raifes prodigious Sums.;
thofe that are fent to gtt thesn are dther
Slalvcs or Criminals.

1 i Iti

158 A Voyage to the tJorth.

In fhortj there is a Tax almoft upon
every thing in Raffia : That on the Ca-
I veare of Jjir ac an only ^ of which I fliall

I Tay more hereafter, is enough to maintain

I the Expence of his Houfe. All that hold

Lands immediately of the Emperor^ are
oblig'd to furnilh him with Provifions.
He engroQTes all the Merchandife that is
brought to Mofcow by the Greeks and P^r-
fims. He fends vaft quantities of Furs to
Archangel^ as alfo Pot-Alhes and Soap,
Hemp and Flax, which he trucks for
Silks, Sables, Velvets, Cloth of Gold,
Sattin, Broad Cloth and Damasks, which
Commodities he wants moft^ . bccaufc he
makes all his Frefents of one kind or ano-
ther of tliofe things.

All the Servants of his.HouQiold have
each a portion of Meal, Honey, Oats,
FiPn, Nut-Oil, Beer. and Metheglin deli-
verM out to them.

The ^trelfuks and LAnUrics have no-
thing but Corn and dry'd Fifh, of which
the Cz.ar has very fine Stores. They
have very little Money given them, be-
caufe they Trade and have great Privi-
ledges allowM them.

Tlie Imperial Palace is very large ;

'^tis all built of Stone and Brick^except the

Cz^ars Winter-Lodgings, which are thice

Stories high. Thefe are built with Tia>

her

A Voyage to the North. 1 49

ber becaufe Boarded Rooms are rcckonM
by them more wholfome in cold Wea^
tber than others, filthy Damps being apt
to afcend from the Vaults of thofe Stoves
where the Walls are Stone. The whole
Palace is encompafs'd with a Brick Wall,
in the Circuit of which there are fourr
fcore Churches and Chapels, the greareft
part of which have Cuputd^s and Gilt
Croffes upon them. The Princes and
prime Miniliers have alfo their Palaces
within this Wall, as, "Jacob a Circafftan
Prince, Boris^ "Juanvidg Morales who was
the Emperors Governour during his Mi-
nority, Kpej Alexis Mafter of the Fur-
Office, Trehotsky General of the Czats
Army, EliAb DmdoUg the EmpreiTes Fa-
ther, I<j7ey Juan f^aflkUg 2l Prince of the
Blood, and others of the firft Rank.
There are five Monafteries, two or three
NuiQmries^ the greateft part of the Prt^
cAfifes or Courts of Jufl:ice, and the Ma-
gazine of Arms and Ammunition for
War.

The Tower call'd Juan Velichy ftands
by it felf, 'tis built of Brick and Free^
Stone. "John BAfilotv/tz began it, and his
Succeflbrs finifhM it as it is at this Day.
There's a very fine Gilt Cupjilo upon it,
and a Ring of Bells in it. Tis as high as
St. AU>'ks Tower at I^emce.

L 5 The

•»•

I tfo A Voyage to the lHorth.

The Czar^ as well a$ other Princes,
has his Miniftcrs of State, but they are
not fo much refpefted as in other Places.
The Gentlemen of his Bed-Chamber-oe-
ver enter it, they vfiit two or throe
Rooms off, and further when he is at
Dinner. ^

The City -of Mofcow or Mofcus^ takes
up a great deal of Ground, ^tis encom-
pafsM with three Walls, befides that a-
bout the Imperial Palace.The firft,andthat
which is neareft the Heart of the Town
is of Red Brick, the next to it is of
White, and the third of Earth, fupport-
ed on each fide by Planks and Beams
of Fir. 'Tis fifteen or fixteen Miles a-
bout, and was built in four Days, on a
report of the approach of the Crim of
Tartdry. *

Since the Cz4rs Journeys that he has
lately made to PoUndy where he faw the
Manners and Houfes of the Polijh Princes
and great Lords, his Court is grown a
little more magnificent. His Apartments
are hung with Tapeftry very rich and
beautiful, and he has feveral Country-
Houfes* \ / '

There's no Prince in the World has
more Jewels than he ; 'tis true^ moft of
them have flaws in them, but the Ruffi^
^i^j don't mind that, providing they are
"Jprgc, AH

A Voyage to the liorth: . i^i

Ail the difference bet\yeeq the Cz^^rs
Cloaths and his ISlobles is, that, the fioGi-
pcrors are a little richer. 'Tis the fame
with reference to the Emprefs and other
Women of Quality, her Head-Drefs is
only a little higher than that of other
Ladies, and her Smock Sleeves a littl^
longer. They are about fix and feveci
Ells in ienjgth, and her Gown and the
Gowns or her Ladies of Honour, are
made like their Judges.

The Emprefs generally Travels in a
Chariot, and by Night, attended l)y moit
of her Ladies of Honour, her Womej^i
of the Bed-Chamber, her Embroiderers^
and all her (Women-Attendants that a,r^
neceflaryto be near her Perfon. Lately
they rid on Horfeback very much, a
Cuftom mightily ufed formerly amongll
them, but 'twas a long time difufed,
upon the bringing in ot Chariots into
RtijPa. The prefent Emprefs has re-
vived it. She and her Train ride as Men
do aftride when thfev Hunt, which is
very rarely, they tnen wear a white
Hat on their Heads, and a Skein of Silk
about their Necks.

Men and Women, whether Rich or
Poor, are all Dreft after one manner.
There is but one L*anguage and one Re*
ligion throughout all that vaft Empire.

L 4 They

I O 4 Voyage to the 'Sortk.

They differ from all other Nationf^^ c-
ven in the leaft Aftipns, and ard nq
more like the other Northern Kingdoms,
than they are to th? Southern 'or W,ert
Jlern. . / ' t^ .

' They wear their Shirts ahovfb thpir
Drawers.tvM round about their Middles a
little above the Navel ; they believe a Gir-
dle makes them ftrong,and that if they di4
hot wea:r one, they fhquld be unlucky,
^ When they fpit; one would think they
fneeze. Their Language and their Ac-
cent are quite different from other l^eor
ple^s. They whiftle with their Teeth,
iind not with th^ir Lips. They (hake
their Heads when they fhew a fign of
Admiration. 'Tis a great Sin in them,
as rhey fancy, not to wafh their Hands;
after Fiffing. Even ip their neceflary Oc-?
cafions they do not do like other Men \
they make no ufe of Papei) buj: have
little lapatulaH of Tin well imooth'd, to
fupply the place of other conveniences ulr
jbd elfewhelre. * '" ' "

' As the Needle of our Dial turns round
about the Hours, in thtirs the Hours
I turn about the Needle. They imagine
'tis a vpry finful thing for a Mufcovite to
lie with an Efig//Jh of Dutch Wbman,but
they believe z Rufftan Woman iinay li6
with any' Strangers without committing

^ Voyage to the l>lorth. i^5

f Crinie ^yorth taking notice of, becaufe

yhp Children fhe has ^ t^em are bom

Sn^ bred up in the Rufftm Religion.

^- They love Rye better than Wheat ^ for

the reafoh I have already men tion'd, and

ftale Fifh Setter than frefh. ' They count

their Thoufands by fo many Fourfcor^

and Tens, and not by fp mapy Hupr ^

idreds. The firft o^' September \s their

New- Years Day. Their JLra of the Crear

tion amounts to feven thoufand and fixry

odd Years. They are very credulous^

and any thing will go down with them

let it be never fo incredible : Things that

are probable and reafonable do i;iot find

{o eafie credit among them. When they

kifs a Woman they do it on the right

fcheek. Lands that have not been a-

bove 20 Years in a Family, fall to the

younger Children proportionably with the

eldeft. .^When they Sow, they thruft the

Keedlewith their Fore-Finger. They

eat Carrots without fcraping,* and Peas

without fhelling ; they don't gather them

as we do, but tear them up. Roots and

all, and fo leUthern in the Marker,

. T6 fay that a Man has an inconftant

WFfe, they cry He lies on a Bank of Sand.

A Mans bare Word that >has a Beard,

is more valu'd among them than an Oaili

of one that has none. Their fineft pieces
t-> *,'- •- • _ 1*

1^4 A Voyage to the North,

of Painting are not better than, what is
conunonly done on Dutch Chimneys with
Red-Oker and Spdmjb White.

They are careful to keep their. Teeth
black, as we are to whiten ours. They
have an Art of Fainting them, as alui
their Eye Balls. They reckon long IS^es
and little Foreheads handfomeft. The
RujSldn Women hide part of theirs in
their Coifs. Little Feet and a {lender Shape
are Deformity with them. They do their
^ utmoft to grow Fat, for which purpofe
they eat exceflively, and will lie a-Bed
whole Days together, that they may in-
creafe in Bulk by much eating and much
fleeping.Brandy,which one would imagine
fhould rather waft than plump them, is
thought to be a great Fatner by them.

There is lb much confufion in the ways
of Proceeding of the Rufpm Judicature,
that 'tis almoft impoflible to give a deer
Account of it. There's a Precaus or Court
of Juftice in each Province, in which ^
Bojard or Lord prefides, to reprefent the
Emperors Perfon : He has under him a
Chancellor, a Dyack or Secretary, feveral
fub-Secreta,iies and Clerks. If a Plaintiff
brings a Suit before the Judge, and he is
not corrupted by the Defendant, the for-
mer is almoft fure to carry th? Caufe, for
that 'tis fuppos'd the right commonly lies
on his fide. Cri-

A Voyage tit the North. 1 55

Criminals arc feldom condefflnM |Co
Death in.RaJpdj they arc fevcrcly whip^d,
and befides, there^s a fort of ^unifliment
worfe thian Death. A Murder may be
bought off with Money. If one Man
kills another^ and no Body profecutes him^
the Magiftracy take no notice of it. If
there be a thoufand VVitnefTcs againft a
Perfon accus'd of a Capital Crime, he
cannot be convicted unleis he confefles it
himfelf. 'Tis true, to extort that Con-
feflion from him, he is expos'd to the
moft cruel Torti^re that can be infli&ed
on the Body of Man. They firft give
him the St rapadd: If he confefTes nothing,
he is VVhip'd, and the Hangman does it
h terribly, that he can kill the Criminal
with fix or fe ven Lafhes. Sometimes they
peirce his fides with red-hot Irons, or elfe
they flit his Bones, fait them, and put
them hanging to his Body on the Fire to
Broil. If he fays nothing ftill, they cure
him as Well as they can, and twenty Days
after, if he furvives the Torment, they
renew it again. Sometimes they will half
flea them, andif they endure all with Re»
folution, which rarely happens, they pour ^
boiling Lead,drop by drop, on the Crown
Of his Head dofe Ihaveo, which is the laft
Trial of his Conftancy.

The

i .'

v^6 A Voyage to the North.

The Puniftjmcnt of Coiners is to melt
fomeof the Mcttal of which tlieir falfe
Money was made, add force them to fwal-
. low it.
, A young Man fhooting an Owl in the
Court of the Imperial Palace, had his
Left Legg and his right Hand cut offi
becaufe fome of the Shot glancM into the
Emperors Chamber.

If a Confpiracy againft the Govern-
ment ^be detefted, the Confpirators are
feverely put to the Torture, after which
they are fent to Siberia^ and are either
fuffer'd to ftarve to Death with Cold on
the way, or elfe have their Eyes pluck'd
out, or their Ears cut off, and are left in
that difmal Province^ fifteen hundred
Miles from Mofcow.

'Tis but lately that the Mufcovues have
hangM their Criminals ; the reafon wh y
. they would not permit any fuch Execu-
tion before, was out of a foolifh fancy,
that when the Man was ftrangled, his
Soul departed downwards, and that de-
ft Pd it. The Criminal ties the Rope a*
bout his own Neck, and flings himfelf
off from the Ladder when the Executi-
oner bids him. The Hangmans Place is
Hereditary, and he is careful to inftru£t
his Children in his Trade, which is how-
ever not fo reputable as in fome parts oR

Frafjce^

A Voyage to the North. ity

France^ whqre the Executioner pretends
to be a Gentleman by his Office.

The common People in Mufiovy, are
very ignorant, and much given to- Ido-
latry. Thofe that live in the Nonhem
Provinces about Jrcbaxij^el, Cola^ Src know.
no other God hut 'St. Nichoidj^ who they
Jbelieve Governs the World; They af^
firm he faiPd upon a MiU-^Stone. from
lialj to a place near Archangel^ now Call*^
St. Nichohs\ Port, and if a Ru$An{t^m^
but to fufpeft the Truth of this Story,
.he would be in no fmall danger of his
Life.

They celebrate the Feftivals of their
own Saints with more Devotion than
thofe of the Apple's. St. Nicholas^ they
fay is Na^da BtAdt^ one of their Brethren,
who being of their own Country, lias
more kindnefs for them than either St.
Veter or St. P^///, who never knew them. .
Thofe who have made Inroads on other
Nations, or plundered Strangers, think
they expiate all their Offences by build-
ing a Church, furnifhing it with a good
Ring of Bells, and ftoreof St. NichoUi's
adornM and let off with Jewels.
.jTh^gr^teli part of the KuffiAns are rude
and barbarous, except fome of them who
are Civilized by their Commerce with Fo- '

reigners,

.«8

A Voyc^e to the North.

ttigficrSj or have TravcDM to Poland zrA
feen that Court. My Friend who fup^
plied me with this Account of Mufcozy^
had intermingled fome Obfervations of
FoUndy which he made while he refid**
ed in that Kingdom. The Reader will
not be difpleasM to fee them in this
Place, (ince 'twill help to make his Idica
of the Northern Parts of Earofe the more
cotnpleat.

^VWMi

CHAPw

A Vpjfagi to the North. i ^p

C H A P. XI.

Of fhe Polanders, their Laws and
Kwgs i of the Pox and Plica
frequent among them \ of their
tteaties 5 i»ith a comparijon he-

' ivpeen z/;^ Ruffian and Polifli Lan-

gU4^S,

THe ^olef af e kfs batbarous than thef
Mufcovites. Some of them im-f
prove their Minds by. Study and Arts^
which the RMffldnsy Enemies to the Sci^
ences^ never encourage. The Gentlemen
of Pold9id are at liberty to Travel where
the/ pleafe ; the Mtifiavites cannot go
out of their own Country without leave
«f theEmperor, which is not eafily ob*
tainy* However, withallthefeAdvan-
tagc^j. the Poles We not fo refinM a Pco*
pie as the other iCations more WejttvArd.
They are Pf oud, Infolent, SeIf<onceitedi
and ,have high Opinions of themfelves
and theirCountry, which they fancy cxcells
all others. They are Whimfical in their

Drefs,

1 60 A V&yagt Id the North.

Drefs, Vain, Prodigal and very Oftenta-^
tious. Their Horfes are fine, and their
F'urniture magnificent. They afFeft a
Ponnp in this becaufe 'tis what is moff
feen. They are civil to StraHgers, and
critertain them very handifomely for twd
or three Days, till they have feen all that
thiey have to Ihbw th6m, and have n^de
them Drunk fout or five times.

They drink harder than the RujJtUns^
and arc fo quarrclfome over their Li-
quor, that there s fcarce a Gentleman in
the whole Kingdom, but one time or o-
ther, has been wounded in a E^efiiitidfc.

Their Laws are barbarous to the laft
Degree.: MtircJer is ^nly puniftl'ct by: a
Pecuniary Mulfti They pay no more
than four or five Crowns fot killing H
Qbwn, the Pric^ rifing higher according!
to the Quality of the f erfons riiurdcr'di *

Their Kings are in truth nothing bu;^
the Pi£hires of Monarch*. Henry III. wasf
^ King of PolancthdoTQ he reignM in France:
He had reafon to be weary bt their Crownj
and would not by any perfwafions they
made ufe <of, be prevaiPd upon to keep it;

A thing of the higlieft Cortfequcncd
when debated in their general Diet, ftiay
be ftop'd pa fling, by one Scriatot-s Vote/
who has power to Prorefl: againft it with-'
out giving his reafons for it.* The Cere-
mony

^Toj/agetothbNmk i6i

ftiony is| he fets^ his Hand to his- Scimi-
tar, arid that {ignifies he is ready to op-
pbfe thiat PrOpofitibti in diip'ute to Death^^
which damris it JFor that Sej^of^^ arid- tho^
• perhaps the next /Day the proteftiog JSe-
liatdr changes his Opinion, yet he cannot
revoke his Proteftaddh; '

Tb6 Pi^x IS -very common and dange-
rous in'Pbta^Ul '- The Mujioviies got it
of th^FokJh-WomWj at tlie time whea
they cbnqiier^d K//»ii, and fome other
Towns jand Provinces on the Frontiers of
Poland^ ' hfSott which Expedition the Ruf;
fms did nOt^ 'kftow what that Difcafe

m • ^i^ff ;6r PhcA ' is ftilt ' moi-e com*-
mdfi than the Po^. The caufe of it is*
that mpft of ^their Springs are poyfon^a
by Mines of Arfenkk very frequent in
thofe Parte, fey whiihrheahs 'tis almofl:
inftpbffible to Travel thither ind not havfc .
it. When onfce it gets into a Family it ^
go^s round it, no Body efcapes the Infefti-
on. • 'Tis-the fil^hieft and- loathfomeft Di-
feafe in Che World. A Man ^an't look
iipdn fbine Potkhdifrs who have it to ex-
tremity without turning his Stomach.^ v
Befides that, the Symptoriis of this Di-
ftemper are terrible to the Eyes,the Stench >
6f it is abominable', fh'er6'*s no old VVOuncf
or Ulcer whofb (mell is fo intdlerable.
I have fcdn fome. Monks, fays my Friend'

M ■ • tri

•>

1 62 A Va^Agt ta the tiorth. ^

in his Memoirs^ whofe Heads, fiaye been
all over Scurf, aod tbdr Hair dotted to-
gether. than which there can noihing. be
more oeaftly and (hocking to the Sifih{»
Neverthele(s 'tis taken no noiske of in *
Poland^ the Poles thinking it a figa of
Health, and Gentlemen bnng mpft trei»-
bled with it, 'tis alfo taken for a token of
their Quality. Thofe Hwfes that have
it, whofe Mana are matted and whcrfe
Tails are glu'd together with it^ arte-
fteem'd the moft bold and the moft fit for
fcrvice ; and if never fo Utdeef this Scurf
is cut off, the Beafts.Die or r^ajM^diitt'
mediaieiy, or elfe fall Lame or Bliad^.
'Tis faia tUc Poles firfl: broii^ht up the
Fafliion of Powdering Hair to hide titeir

P/U4,

They are more faithful in obferving
their Treaties than the Ruff inns ^ the \axr
ter making no fcruple to break their moft
folemn Alliances, when 'tis for their Ihte*"
reft ; and yet in their private Negociati-^
' ons the Mujeavittj are very exa6l: in mak-
ing good What they Swear to, and careful
how they take a falfe Oath, or indedi
how they take any.

The PoUfb and RuffUn Language diflfer
from one another as the EfigUfb does from
thz Scotch. The Polifb' Tongue paffes for
the more Copious and Polite, yet the Pro-
nunciation is not fofter, nor tne Or^hagrA-

A Voyage to the Notth. , i ii

fhy IbCs rude than that of the Rnfjidn Lan*
guagd In feme of their Words there arc
fix Confonants for ©ne Vpwel. They caa
,hardly fpeak without fluttering in the
Faces of ttofc to whonpi thcjr fpeak.
, They afc ffately in their Salutations,
and don't bow fo low as the RuJpaf^s.Thc
Tarurs falute their Superiours by embrac-
ing their Knees ; the ODnimon People fa-
lute one another by putting the Fore-finger
on the Mouth of the Perfoh falqfed, and
fhaking the K^cad a. little. , The manner of
the Qrcaffians in this cafe is a little qdder
ftill,. they a$k the Ma:n whom they woula
^lute If his Servants^ his Cojps^ his Sheefj
his Horfesy his Goat s^. his Hogs ^ bis Cock f^i

his Hem dnd his Turkeys are alt fafe ana

' f ' ft ' ■ -

rveu»

mi til if:

1 6 A. A Voyage to the IJorth.

I* r I. I f r I

CHAP. XII.

Of the Irrtpetial Family of Ruflia, of
the Chief Favourites and Minifiers,
of the.ManufaBurei fet up by the
Emperor and Empreff^ of the Trade
of Ruflia and Englifli Ckth^ and
n^hat means the Dutch mak$ ufe of
to rum the EngliCb Commer€e and
fettle their own,

I Shall not pretend to write a Cornpleat
Hiftory of the Imperial Houfe of K^-
manove now reigning in Mufcovy^ what is
faid here Hiftorically being a fort of Di-
greflion froni<he main fubjeft of this
Book, J Voyage to the North ; but believ-
ing the Reader will be diverted with a
fhort Account of the prefentC^r^s Family I
thought fit to give it,and fome other Enter-
taining Occurrences which I met in the
Memoir shoh^a mentionM before.'T would
be too tedious to give, as the Gentleman
who wrote them has done, a long Ety-
mology of the Word Cjc^r, and how the
firft Romanove was advancM to that Ti-
tle ; or how Baflowstz having reducM all

th«

^ A Voyage to the North. i^-

the Petty Dukes that held Sovereignties in -
Mufiovy^ erefted a Monarchy on their
Ruins. "John Bafilowhz. his Son followed
his StepSy was fuccefsful, and fubdu'd the
Kings of €4/4/9^ AftrAcan 2SiA Siberia. To
write all thofe Events would make a large
Hiftory of -it fclf, and too long interrupt
the courfc of Our Voyage^ Bafiiowi^ic reign-
ing many Years, and tho' hcf was the
Teatcft Tyrant in the World, he was al-
io one of the moft happy Monarchs, if
Viftory atoije can make a Prince happy.
The C^4r Michael Father to the prefent
C&dT X^Anm 1647) was a very •^Merciful,
Religious and good Prince, courteous to
Strangers, and one w ho delighted in main-
taining a friendly Correfpohd^ce with all
other Chriftian Potentates. Grave Wolmir
the laft King of Denmark^ Natural Son,
would have MarryM his Daughter, but
the Clergy of Ruffia oppqsMr it, faying,
Wolmer was a Heretick^ and therefore the
'Princejs could not lawfully Marry hitn. The
Da»i(L Prince refenting that the RuJJiah
]Prielh fhould oppofe his Match,chal]engM
them to difpute with his Chaplains,whofc
Religion was the trueft, his or theirs.The
.Ruffians refusM the Challenge, the Czar
was highly enrag'd againftthem for it,
idemanoing What, fort of Faith they fro-
-fefs^d that they couid not defend it by Reafon
and Jrgumehtl Sprue Days after as he was

M J going

^66 A Vay^t to tht l^ertb.

going to Bed, he was taken wfth a Vo-
isniting, and dy'd the next Morniog, not
^vithout fufpicion of being Poyfon'd, the
Priefts apprehending he would make In-
novations in their Religion. The Cza-
fitza or Emprefs did not long furvivc
him, and Qrofue Wahmr gave over afl
Thoughts of the Marriage.
' This Bmperor often reco0[imen4ed to
his Son Ale^fiis Mifhaeiimtz to follow the
/<^6vice of Boris JuMoic^ his GoTjernour,
There is an odd Story of the fate of this
Borises Father. Being a Widdower, and
the Emperor Baplamit:ch Favourite, he dc*
firM him to beftow one of his Coacubines
upon him in Marriage. Bdfilawitz gi*ant«
ed his requeft without naming any of
them in particular. The Favourite flar-
ing a Licence at large^ took the hand<»
ibmeft of them all, at which Bafthmtz,
fell into a violent Faflion, and hearing they
^ere retir'd together to one of his Stove-
Chambers or Hummums^ to enjoy them-
felves with the greater, liberty, as they
thought they might lawfully do, having
f:he Emperor and the Priefts conient, the
Cz,iir commanded a Bear to be let loofe
uponthpm, which was done, and the two
J^pvers immediately devoured by him.

Boris and QleAb^ the unhappy Favourites
two Sons, . were bred up with the Empe--
vox Michiul^ znd Boris gain'dfuch an in-
fluence

A Vnydge U the Norths i Sj

fluciice over him, by th? benefit of a long
If'kmiiiarity, that lie govetn'd all things
as |}e thought f^, and was more abfolu.te
than liis Matter. '^^H^ leffen'd the num-
bcr/pf tile Czdr^sOSictn^ and thofe thaf
ho'ltej)! in the^r JPofts jvei^e fond' to ferve
forliaif-Pay,; even the ve^y AmbalTadors
Behfiohs' were tetrench^J. ^ ' He imposM
new Taxes, and fcnt tht)fe Dnkes, who
having been Sovereigns formerly, were
pioft dangerous; to ^ifta^t Governments^
as 'PHpm'p to BehorvJy an^ Corathin to O;
fin.. Ip fliort, Jne was fo feverc to h^^^^
Miniftcy that the Nobility hated Hirite as
much ffe they envy'd hinj,and he defpifing
their ihfrfgmi to depofe him frdrn his ex-
ilted Stition of chief Favourite and Mir
nifter, deprefs'd them to raife his own
Creatures.

The People murmurM at the new Imr
pofi,rt6ns ;. there was an Infurreftiori upon
it; they reqvir'd Juflticei, ahd that the Em-
perpf fhoiild delrver fiwV oyer to them
to be ittide an Example of fbr his Male- *
Adrtiitiifrratjwi. ' "l^kCxdr, ^a3 furpriz'd

them who wei^e moff oiitfVg^^uV,' ahd to

jain titnc and faye hisu Favourites Life he

.wore he would baniflh him froni Court

M 4 for

1^8 4 Voyage fo the .fHonfk-.

for ever. This Compliance appeasfd thei^T
"Boris was order'd, taretir.^ and the: 5Jq^
Jbility were reftor'^ to theC^r's Fayour,
which they rnanagM as tik^^jto t|^e I^edr
iples fatisfaftipp as B^w ' had clQWi wljo
peiDg a cunning ^tatefoaao, obfery dfrheir
Pifcontents, • and improvM. them to his
Advantage^^ by bncburaging tl\Q Clamour
againft'the Nobility^ who wpreft the |!ftQ-
pie fo mughi thalt tjhofe wnoJ^tely. were
inoft for bajpijiiing ; th^^ yvere

how rnoftjfor recaJling^liiriirf 'The^^fpHild
5t no difficult rnatter to (iicceed in* their
Enterprise ; the Cz^ar lipopi thfiirtPetitipri
9id, readily whaf they- wou|4 l^ve^hiip^do,
ferit for, )$pv\is. to Court, ' and he was alter-
wards very, jkind to thofe thaf ^J^d any way
|)een inftrumpntal in his ReftQratipn/

Ever after he careft the People oh alf
pccafions.,and favoured them to.theutmoll
j)f his power,,. H^\ undertook to p^btefi;
al(Foreignj?rsi _apd was eq|uaI|y.belov'4 by
Natives. ai?(4, Strar^gers; /O^^^ dy'd a^
. bpiit^lix Yeai's -fince, 'in a very old *^g^^,
fcclovM by hjs f n«ce and regi-etted^ dv the
People.^' , J^^ h^d1:tie CharaQer of an a(>lp
f^oli'ticiany'^w^jio^^^ were (uccefsy
fill He dy?a^t9mented by every Blody but'
the A,rKi9^-, KpMty..,. wftofe, Amhmous
. peij^sh?.alw?iys til wanted.
' 'Iwas lie that..n?.^(Jp, ^'[pih, ^^...,

,. \ '- "he

A Voyage to th^ f^wth. 1 6^

liacj a fit of an ^poflexy was reckonM a
lyfan of great Worth and Capacity, He
>vas bold, daring, faithful^ ftrong and vi-
gorous. His Memory was fo good that he
l^new every one's Bufinefs in all the Em-
ploymexits Civil an'fl Military. He alfo
cpuld diftiiidly tell the feveral Quarters of *
^h uAtmy of fourfcore thoufand Men. He
could tell the Names and CharaQers ofall
his OflScers, hut, the Accident that hap-
pened to Iiim, as * we , have already faid^
weakened Jiiro extreamly both in Body and
Mih^, and hi^ Memory is now fo bad that
be hardly ^eraerabers tliofe tcrfons with
-whom he was moft familial^. .

He was Treafurer, and held fivqor fix
other gi eat' Offices^ which' he niahag'd
with equal Skill and Succefs.' 'Tis true
% plupderM a gre^t^deal, and the Empe-
ror who fearM more than he lov'd him,
wink'id.at it the more willingly bccaufe
Syhatever Eliah fcrapM up would fall to ,
him in right pf his Wik^EliaPs Daughter,
^^e ver thelcfs after the I^eath of DafjeUUg^s }
Wife, obferving that he was too kind tp
|pme Tartarian and Poli[b Women, he
preft hiqfi either to Marry or leave the
Court, on which pccafion I can t help re^-
fliarking,, that Marriages are in high e-i
ft'eem in Ruffta^ either out ol Policy to en- .
courage what helps to People the Coiiff-
try^ pr to prevent the ^ujfiam abandoning

1 70 AVcyage to the KortK

thcmfclves to Boys and Beafts, to whicli
they are not a little enclin'd ; nor is that
Crime punifh'd with Death there as 'tis
in other places. 'Tis call'd Ne M^eay^
and it got that Name by this means. A
young Rafcal who was furpriz'd commit-
ujg an abc»nirable Aflion with a Cow,
^ cry'd out to the Perfon that fpy'd him at
it, Ne Mifieaji. Don^t difiurbme j this was
done ajbout 8 Years ago, and ever fince
that horrid Sin has been fo call'd.
ElfWs Misfortune would have beeh re-

f retted more had not Nafiockitt fuccceded
im in the Adminiftration of Publick
Aifeir$. This Lord is one of the Wifeft
Minifter^ in Eurofe. He is a Man of Teni-
|)crand Integrity. He is indefetiga&c in
the Difchargc of the OflBces committed to
his Management, and a hearty Aflerter of
Monarchical Government.

iHe is Chancellor of the Office of Am-
• balTadorSp Trtgfurer and Governour of
RttiJU Mimr, and has feveral other Em-
ployments which his PredecciTor EU«h
nQld before him. '

'Twas N^Jhockin that concluded the
Peace with Pohnd Ktvy honourable to his
Msifter. He alfo form'd the Smdijb Alli-
ance, and erefted the Silk-Mahufaarure
throughout all Rujpa, and by his means
Rufit was.made theMart of theSilk.Trade,
moft of that Commodity ,eithcr from P<?r-

A Voyage to the Nofth 1 71

fis Of tke I/Mes being brought thither,
and fcnt thence into the other parts of .
Ear^fe : But this Commerce did not laft
kmg. Hi$ next work was to reform the
Emperors Houfhold, and the Laws of the
Empire. Me contrivM it fo that no Suit
ihould be long depending, and every Go-
vernour of a Province,affifted by his Coun*
cil, had power given him of Life or Dieath*
Before that Order Criminals of ^11 forts
were brought to Mofcow to be Try'd,
which was very troubleforae and inconve-
nient for the Czar.

• Tlie laft Summer ^Jew who had turnM. .
Turky and was Interpreter to the Perfim
Merchants, accusM Nafhockin on their Be*
half before the Emperor, for doing
them fome Injuftice, in the Precaufe or
Court of Ambafladors, of which he was
Chancellor. The Emperor anfwerM,
that NMJbockm had the management of
all Affairs relating to Trade, that he rc-
fer'd them to him, and if he was unjuftly
^ccus'd, their Interpreter fhould pay dear
for it. The Czar was as good as his
Word, the Accufation being found to be
groundlefs, and the Rem^do-Jeiv had thir^
ty Laflies with a Whip, which threw
him into a miferable Condition. A^a(h€r
ckw has often told my Author the Lora,in- '
^r, that 'twas the C^^r's Intereft to keep
up a friendly Correfpondence with the

King

17a ^ Voyage to the 'North.

King of En^Uni more than with any p-

ther Prince in Chriftcndom^ and ^twill not

be improper in this place to mention fome-r

thine relating to him,, which was tran£r

aSed the laft Yc^r (^Anno 1666.) SonSe

Englijh Merchants gjCtitionM Na(bpckiif

that they rnighc Land fome Goods which

were on ISoard the Ships lately arrivM

from Englind. . He told them He had d

T^er, Printed giving an Account oj the Plague

in London ; That ft oh My this MenhMdizje

inight come out of Houfes that mre infeifed^

am they knew very well a Spark tnight fet

a whole City on Fire ; that he thought their

way 0} ptibltjhing their Infirmities was very

firange^ adding That if the Poor and Mi-^

ferabte expofe their Mi/ery and Poverty^ ^tis

to excite Compaffion and get fomething hy it^

but the Englilh bj fpreading it about every

tpherey that the . Plague laid their Country

wajt^ gave the World fair mrjiing not to

have any thing to do with them^ as Lanthorns

or Light^Houfes near the Codjlsy warned the

Pilots not to come near them for fear of being

Ship^wreck'd,

He faidoae Day He wondered any Rrinr

ces fbould fend Letters of Recommendatioff

in favour of their SubjeSfs^ demanding Ju^r

fiice in their Behalf as ij the Czar did not

know how to deal jujlly by Strangers as well

as by his own SubjeUs. Sure Juch mufi

b? very cheap in Denmark, continued k^

- . * becitufe

A Voyage to the North. lyi

becAufe I receive wore from themie than from
Apy other KjngAom^ I do not know what
th(y might cofi in England, but I am very
ueUfattsffd the^ are all tO/no purpofe. The
Miifcovitcs do net govern themfelves like
the Englifh, hy the Cu^oms of other Coun^
triesy and if the Ruffian Drefs becomes them^
theirs will never become the RujOB^ns.

Being once difcourfing on the Afiairs
kX Engtand^^^vA particularly on the futc-r
cours feht by the Kings of prance had,
Denmark to tnc Dutch^ againli the King
of England^ he declared He could not pe^
mtrate into the Politicks of thofe Monarchs^y
othermfe Wife and Difcreet in doing (b pre*
pojlerous an ABion ; that in his Opinion^ the ,
befi thing for them had been to have joined
mth the Kjng of England, and other Prin^
ces of ILuropQ^ to form an Alliance for the
rooting up aU Republtcks^ which are good for
nothing but to frve for an Afylum to a^-
bds and Hereticks.

The Reader Villi remember 'twas fpokc
by a Barbarian, who being himfelf a Slave, .
would be willing to fee the whole World
in the^ fame abjeft condition.
. There has lately been a great many
•^ews admitted into the Czar'^s Court, by
means of a "^ewijb Surgedn, who pretends
to be a Lutheran ; he was bred up in Po-
landy and aidvanc'd himfelf in the Court
of Mujcovy^ by furnilliing Bogdan Mat^

fetdg

^^/^. A Voyage to the Uorih.

feiJgy High-StewartI of the Empcrorl
Houfhold* with Fotish Girls of whom he
is tcfy fond. This Minifter was thd
Companion of the Czuir*s Youch,^ and ha^
infinuated fo far into his good Graces,
that for fome time he has been the Reign-
ing Favourite, and mafia"gM all the Con-
cerns of the Houfhold as he pleasM. Hisf
Wife obferving his Intrigues, atnd tia--
derftanding that he met Polish Girls and
other handfome young Women, Slaves'
as well as thofe that were Free, file
grew fo Jealous of hifri, that her ill Hu-
mour became infupportablq^to him, and
he poyfcn'ci her to get rid of it. Thd
People murmurM at the Murder of the
Lady, and the Cz^ar commanded Matfeid^
cither to quit his Fofts or Marry and
leave his Miftrcflits, 'J'is faid he intend-
ed to take one of his Concubines to be
his Wife. He cannot agree with Nashom
ckin^ arid does not love the English^ be-
caufe the Duuh have bribM him to their
intereft by rich Prefents.

The Ctar has lately built a Work-tioiifey
about a League from Mofcowy where the
Poor are employed in Manufaftures of
Hemp and Flax. The Houfe is beauti-
ful, large, and fo well contrived, that all
the Beggars in his Empire may be em-
ployM there, for whofe Maintenance the'

A Vojiagi to the t^mh^ 1 715,

Eniperorbas fetled Lands upon it to a
confiderable value*

The HtMritf^ manages the Womens
Work and employs them for her o\^n
Benefit. The Cf^r is every Day bafying
himfelf about the increafe of the Manu^
fad:ureS| toiavent new ones, and improve
the old. His Workmen coft little or no-
thing for their fubfiAance^ he rather gets
than lefes by them^ fo that he faves his
Revenues ariiing by the Cabaa^ the Bi^m
me^s and Stove-Chambers^ Pitch, Hemp^
- Flax, Honey, Wax, Cdware^ Sturgeons,
and the ikluA and dry'd Fifh that comes
from JjlracAnj Cafwy the Lake of Belfire^
and feveral other Lakes and Rivers in his
Dominions, particularly in SfberU where
there are abundance of them.
. The Czar goesevery Year, about the end
jof Af4jK, to a Country-Houfe about three
Miles from Mofc$Wj calPd Qbnafanksly
^bt the Trans^guratioHy to which it is De-
^dicated in Imitation of what is faid by
the EvMgeliJt St. Luke Chap, 9. I j. Ma^
Jler it is good for as to he here^ let us
make threeTdberfsacles^ one for Thee ^ one for
Mofes, mA one for Elias, &c.

The Emperor orderM feveral magnifi-
cent Tents to be fet up. His own was
of Cloth of 'Gold linM with Sahlcs ; that
of tlje QMritfd of Cloth of Silv^er lin'd

with

ty6 A Voyagi t0 the North.

with Ermine i and thofe of the Prince^
and chief Lords, of other Stuff and othef
Linings, according to their feveral Ranks.
The Czar and Czutritfa^ Tentsj thofe of
their Children, ten in number, and their
five Sifters, were round. In the middle
of them ftands one which ferves for a
Church, and all together make one of
the fineft Sights in the 'World; Guards
are pofted roaud about them at a Mustet-
fliot diftance. There are Palifado's placM
to keep off the People, none durft pafs
beyond thofe Bounds, for the Czar will
not fuffer his Recreations to be prophan'd
by Vulgar Eyes.

When the Emperor goes into the Coun^
try for his Pleafure, no Man is permitted
to prefent any Petition to him. A Cap-
tain of IVhite-RuJpay when Peter Seltico^
TO Governour of the Province, refused
his Pay for above three Years, not know-
ing how to procure Juftice, thought his
beft way was to addrefs himfeif imme-
diately to the Emperor. He came up
to him where he was in the Country,
and approaching too near his Coach to
^ive him his Petition, the Czsr miftruft-
ing he had fome ill defign, perhaps that
'twas to AflaflTinate him, thruft him to the
' Heart with a Cane that had an Iron Spike

4 VoydJge to the 'North. 1 7 7

at the end of it. He fell down dead on
this fpot, and the Emperor ordering him
to be fearqh'd to fee what Arms he bad
about' him ;^ there was nothing to be
found buj the Petition. ' The Emperon
having read it, fmote his Breaft, and
appeared mightily concernM that he had
njlurderM an innocent Perfon , fayingj
Mff^ Blood JhaJl lie at Selticoro'i Door who
wds^ thi redl cMfe of his Death. Me fent
-for him, and not fatisfy'd with giving
him a fevere Reprimand, banifliM him
the Court, tiiftfd him but of all liis
Places, which he gave to Nashocki/Jy with
an exprefs cpmniapd to; enquire out Seiti-^
coro^s Mifdemeanours. This Accident
.heppcn-d not long ago, and as yet is nop
much talk'd of, for 'tis Death to tell
what is faid or done in the Czar'^s Court*
.My Friepd going once to view the Work-
.Houfeji built for thofe that Were xo Ma-
^|iijfa£ture Hemp and Flax, juft as it was
finifh'd, and asking the Workmen what
.ufe./it was defiga'd . for, not one of them
durfl .n)ake anyanfwer, tho' they kneW
-whW/Was the deliga of its Building well
^enough. All that heCvOuldgetotit of thcofif
.WfS/ Tk^t Godded the Czar o/tly kmwi

■ - m

-1 80 A Vayage to tht l^oirth.

and fuccced iivit more than fomc ima-
,ine. They Bribe the Nobility by Pre-
[ents to befvieod and protefl: them, and
render the English contemptible and ri-
diculous by fcandalous Libels and abufiyc
Pi£bures. They look'd upon ^ the English
a few Years fince, as a loft and undone
People. They are fuch perfeft Slaves,
that they have a mean Opinion of all thofc
that are in any wife Free. The Dutch
would fare no better, did they not pay
dearly for the Friendihip of the Favou-
rites and Minifters in Mufcovy. They repre-
fent the English Nation by a Lyon with-
out a Tail, with three Crowns on his
Head turnM upilde down ; or By Ma-
ftifli with their Ears arid Tails cut off.
Thefe foolifh Proll-Pieces were done at a
time Vi^hcn they had no realbn to fpeak
very well of the Etjglish^ who had begun
a War with thetn tor the leaft Provoca-
tion in the World. The two Nations will
. in time underftand their common Intereft
better.

The only way for the English to- reco-
ver their Reputation and Trade in Rt^JJia^
and to leflen the Credit and Commerce
of the Dutch^ would be for them to fut
fer no Body to deal there but fuch as could
Trade wi^h ready Money, and not ijpon

Truft

A Voyage to f he North. iSi

Truft, as their Merchants have doae for
this twenty Years, and. to fend afl Em-
bafly to the Czair, to inform him of the
flouriQiing condition of the English Do-
minions,, of their Strength , Greatnefs,
Revenues, and their Colonies in both the
L/dies ; to fhew him Maps of all their
Territories over the whole Earth, and
Plans of their Forts and Cities. They
ought alfo to undeceive Afunafy Nashockw^
to whom their Nation has been vilely
mifreprefented by the Hollanders^ and to
prefent Cogdan Matjeidg with fome Curi-
ofities that he loves* The firft would
make it a point of Policy to encourage
them, when he underftood the true State
of the Cafe, and the other would procure
them the Emperors favour, of which he
is always fure.

The Authors Arguments on this Subject
are of no weight now. The Figure the £n-
lifll have made abroad fince the Revolution^
needs no Emhajf) to found its Fame^ the ends
of the Earth have heard of it mth Wonder^
and the Cz.ar, , as the Queen of Sheba did to
Jcrufalem, came in? erf on to be a Witnefs ,
. iff in Qhry.

N J The

i8a A Vtydgi to the Vorth,

f '

The Peace which the RaJiMs made
with the P^les^ has made *em prouder
than ever. They fancy they are the
firft Nation in the World, and that the
Czar has no 'equal under, the Heavens.
ji fine Dream J ofit of n^ich no Body mU be
df the trouble to tvake them^ unlefs the pre-
fent Kjng (/Sweden should, think it v^crtk '
his while. .. . . ■

CHAP.

4 Voyage to the JSorth: 1 8 g

CHAP. xni.

Of Siberia and its Inhahi"
tants ; of their Caviare ;
qf the Samojedes and their
Barharity : And of [eve-
ral Jirange Birds and
'Plaints,

SlierU is a large Province, the grcaf-
eft part of which . is a Terrd, Inco^^
»iia^ \v4iich reaches to tbe Walls of
Cauy. Befides what Account of it I
had from the Gentleman of Lorawy I
met with fcveral Ferfons in my Travels
in tbefe Parts, who had been over a
gre^t part of Sthriay and on whole Re-
lations f coi)ld depend ; One of them par-
ticularly had TravelPd fo far, that he
Traded with the Chinefes^ and tlie other^^
' - N 4 whd

1S4 ^ Voyage to the Horih.

who was more ignorant, tho' not lefs
^ithful, affurM me he went fo far tliat
he faw a Sea with Ships and Men a-
board 'em, who wore no Hair but on
- their upp&r-Lips, who were richly Dreft,
and coverM all over with Gold and
Jewels, their Garments being quite dif-
ferent from thofe of the Ruffians. By the
Defcription he made of 'em, in all probq-
bility they muft be Chimfe Merchants,
for the Sea could be no other than that
of the /(jimochifesy on the North-Eaft
part of Great Tartary^ or that of the Gulph
of Nanquin in China.

The latter brought fome Chaj and
l^ourdian out of Siberia with him. The
former is what we call Tea^ the latter
Anifuf^ Indicum SteUatum , a Phyfical
Drug. The Chinefe Merchants have
taught thofe of Siberia to Drink the
Chay with Sugar as we do, arid they
take it to be an excellent remedy for
all fuch as are troubled with any Dh
feafe of the Lungs, with Hypocondrir
acal ]^latus\ or an ill difpofition of Sto-
mach. They bring it to them in Pa-
pers, containing each a Pound, the weight
; and Name being written on each Paper
in CLinefe Charafters.

Thofe

AVoyiigf to the Vorth, 185

Thofe that would .Travel thro' Sibe^ .

Jit . «

rM are fiK Yejirs (Mi ^th^ir Journey, 09-
cafioaM by the earjior^inary Heat ar\d
Cold of the Climate, ^f hich ob'ligp^ .theg|i
to Lodge all ; , the Winter . . in - certaim
Places, and all , the Summer. in others*
Tambfity or as others fay Siber^ is the Ca*
pital of this vaft Province. Here. .tl)e
chief Vdfvod or Vice-Roy refides. .j Pur?^
Marten-Skins efpecially^^ ^yhichare tol]^
had no where elfe,* a^e the prinpipal Com^
modity of the Country. They eat dry 'd
^Pifti inftead of Bread, which is not to
be feen in all the Province, uiilefs.the
Traveller carries it alor^ with him.
There's plenty of all manner of Fifh in
their . Lakes and Rivers, in which they
abound. They feed their Dogs with
it, and even their Cows in cold Wea-
ther, which is exceflive in Stheria^ by .
which means their Milk, generally Tpeak-
ing, has a Fifty Taft. .

There's abundance of Filberd Trees
of a prodigious bignefs, and the Kernel
of the Nut is of ^ fize anfwerable to tha|:
of the Tree that be^rs it. ,

They

i%6 A Vnyage to tht N^th

They go a Hunting in Troops for fix
or feven Weeks together, cover'd over
with three or four skins, and drawn a-
long in a Sledge by thirty or forty huge
t>ogs. They lie out in the open Fields
all Night in the midft of Winter, but
they msike good Fires about them to
warm themselves, and broil their Filh.
Their Dogs are very expert in finding
out Martens, and wh?n they have found
^cm, they never mifs taking them, when
once the Siherians have fhot them, which
they do with a C«fs fo dextrouQy that
they always wound them in the Nofe,
that they might not prejudke the Skin :
'befides if they don't hit 'em in that
part, 'tis rare .that they catch *em, for
'tis a ftrong rob^ Animal, and will ef-
cape 'em fometimes tho' he be Ihot quite
- thro' the Body.

The River Ob runs thro' this ProvkiGC,
'tis very broad, and falls into the Mare GU^
ciaU. 'Tis ftorM with Sturgeons and Bel^
lugas.- TThc latter is a FtQi t^relvc or
fifteen Foot long ; 'tis big and refcm-
bles a Sturgeon, but is not fo pleafant
tafted when it is eaten as the former :
The Meat is whiter than Veal, and as
i , - deli*

A Voyage to the Norfb* 18^

delicious ajs Marrow \jrhilc Ms fttfh
'ThtFo/gsis beft ftorM with tbatFifh
and with Sturgeons of all the Rivers in
the North. When the Floods come
down from the Mountains by tfie mdf-
m^ of the Shdw, gnd the Stream grows
the more rapid, thefe Fifh (wallow great .
Stones on purpofe to make them the
heavier, that they may ftem the Tor-
rent the better ; they throw 'em up a-
gain when the Waters abate, and the
Ciirrent is not fb ftrone. *Tis out of
the foft Roes of thefe BeHngiPs and Stur-
geons mingled together, that the People
of Afirdcan make Caviare^ in this man*
ner : They put their Rocs in a heap of
Salt, and when they have fermented a
iitde, they fqueeze 'em and Barrel 'em
iip. There are fome who will not fqueeze
*em at all ; that Da///irf is the moft de*
licious, but will not keep fo long as
the other. The Turks make it with the
Eggs of the Sturgeon, which are Black
and Clammy ; this the Ruffians call Fek^
TA. There is another fort which is no-
thing but the Roe of ^Belluga. >
' » , ■ .» ' .

The Arwenians^ who I believe firft
made Caviarty do it after another man^
her. They begin with cleaning thfc
; . J I RoesJ

^•

88 A Voyage to the North.

Rocs and throwing away all that's ufe-
ler$ in them ; they Salt and lay them' on
crooked Planks, that the fat Oily pa(*j;s
of may be drainM off, after .which
they pack them up in Barrels and beat 'em
down till they're hard.The Bellagd has one
hundred and fifty Roes, and two hun-
dred weight of Eggs, which the Arme^
. niam call Arminsko rekra.

The Northern part of SiberU is call'd
SamojeMdy or Tfamheidaj which fignifics
Canibals or Man-Eaters, becauie the
Inhabitants are iaid to eat all the Prifo-
ners they take in War* They live in
rouiid Tents cover'd with Marts and
Stags^Skins. They make their Fires in
the middle and lie about them* There's
but one hole to a Tent befides the Door,
ijnd that is on the top to let out the
Smoak. In Summer-time they remove
to the Banks of Rivers for the conve-
hiency of Fifhing. They live altogether
upon Fifb, which they often eat raw.
in Summer they dry it to keep for their
Winter Store. Young Dogs are one of
their nicelt Difhes.

Their Cuftoms, Language and Reli-
gipn are entirely Barbarous. They Wor-

A Voyage to the North. iSp

jDbip the Sun and Moon. Both Mea
and Women are dreft in Cloaths made
of Stags-Skins , the. Hair outwards ,
which they^ fancy is the warijieft way
of wearing it. The Men have no Beards^
the VVonaeri are abominably Ugly, and
fo hard-favour 'd that they can fcarce be
diftinguifhM from the Men, the one be-
ing often taken for the other by Stran-
gers ; yet as deform'd as they are, they
do well enough for the Canibals, who
like 'cm better than thofe that we
think handfome.

The Riches of the SamojediaHs con-
fift in Stags. There are fome of 'em
fo Tame that they graze in Troops,
ftand . ftill to be Harneft, and draw
Sledges fourfcore Miles a Day ; fo in-
credibly fwift are thofe Creatures* Be-
.Tore the Inhabitants go a Hunting of
Stags, they confult a Prieft, who tells
them the Place where they fball find
their Game, and*' 'tis rare that they are
out in their GueCTes or Conjurations.
Young Girls are a confiderable part of
the Fathers Wealth. They are never
feen till they are betroth'd in Marri-
age, and that's frequently done when
they are fix or fevcn Years old, ior

ipd A Voyage to the North.

at that Age fome Body or other i^ill
buy them for a certain number of Stags^
that they may be fure to have their
Maidenheads. Husbands are there fo
jealous of their Wives, that they lock
*em up clofer than they do in Ita/jj
and when they go a Hunting they
have a Device to fecure them from ma-
king 'em Cuckolds in their Abfence.

The Emperor docs not think thefe
People worthy of Living under his Go-
vernment. They are liable to no Im-,
pofts, what they pay is voluntarily, and
generally h paid in Stags, which fronni
time to time they deliver to fh6 Czar^s
Officers od the Frontiers.

No Body uoderftand.s their Language
nor their Laws, which they execute
with great fecrccy. When they fell a
Stag to a Foreigner, they referve the
Entrails, and eat even the filthieft part .
of them after they have fqueez'd out the
Bxcrement.

Thofe vvho underftand Magick arc
the moft Honourable Terfons among
them. They are very dextrous in the
Black Art, and cxercifeit very common-

AV<^age t0the'North.

ipi

ly t?owai'ds Strangers, but they dare not
play the Ruffkks ^tif Tricks for fear of
l>eing feverely punimdK.

i 1

An EfjgU^ Merchant ortcc inviting
fome Canibals to Dinner, one of 'em
fiot fo Drunk that he could neither
§and^ fpeak nor ftir, and his Drunken-
nefs contimiM fb tiJl an Old Woman
touched his Forehead and tnutterM fome
Words in his Ear, after which (if we
may give credit to Eye-Witnefles from
whom I had it) he grew as fober as ever
he Wte in his Life.

♦ In the* South Pfept of SH^erin^ there^s
•a Forcft cafiM S^i^, about fix or feveis
hMtidved Ferfis longy where there are
/cw Rivers, and yet the Soil is extream-
4y Fertile. One may ride there ftveral
-Days Journey in vaft Fields fuU of
Cherry Trefes, not above two or three
Foot high, not that they can't grow
taller, but they are hundred by the neg-
ligence of Travellers, who hatring made
Fires in the middle of the Fields, go
their ways without thinking of putting
of them out, and the Gra-fe of the Foreft
being very long and very dry, catches
Fire, and burns uft every thing that

lies

ipa A Vi>yage u the Noi^^tK

lies in its^ytrsiy. ; ^Tis.np yncoixmioii
thing to fee the Fire burn for thirty or
forty f^erjfs of Country, tc^ether, and
purlue Travellers fo nimbly, that of-
ten tjiey have npt^ time to fave them-
fel ves.

\' '

Thefe Cherry-Trees bear red Cher*
ries, fair to look :to but fovir.. The
Fruit of fomeof thefe Trees . that ha.vfi
been tranfplanted have proved very
good.

1 have talk'd with fevefal Perfons,
who have feen -Tulips , Red Rofes,
Rofes like DamastrRofcs , ' Afparagus
larger and finer than ours, Onions^ Mar-
joram, Time, Succory, Sage, Eftdive or
white Succory, and other Flowers^
Herbs and Root? in that'Foreft, whiph
we with a great deal of Care raife in
our Gardens. The Turnip is very Itoj-
quently inet with there. The Canibals
have good Carrpts andl^acfnips in Samojf*
dia, and the Merchants of other Nations
Export a great deal of Nitre and iJ^/^GifMr-
mat from, thence. r » -^

Ely

ft b

A Voyage to ihe North. 195

laiks are larger here than any wher6
el(e. There is a little Animal call'd
Zouricks, and another whofe Name is
Perivofhicks , which are pretty Crw*
turcs. The Zourick is fomething fhapM
like a Badger, but of a different likenefs
in the Face ; his Skin is of an agreeable
Colour, 'tis black> fleek, and fpotted a
little ; his Head is little, and his Legs
fhort , his Back almoft a Foot broad ;
they live like Conies in Burrows under
Ground. The Ruffians tell a great mapy
Stories of the Wars which thefe Ani-
mals wage one with another, of theii"
dexterity in taking Prifoners and fending
the Enemy away into Captivity ; that
they force their Slaves to fetch in Hay
and Oats for them to lay up againft Win-
ter. 'Tis faid their Burrows are very
clean , neat , and artfully contrivM ;
and if one of 'em dies, theothers carry
out his Body and bury it elfewhcre.
Colonel Cfdwford^s Regiment quartering
near the Place where they are to be
found, thefe Creatures met one Day to
a prodigious number, and made fuch si
- frightful Noife, as terrifiM the Soldiers
and their Horfes fo much, that they ran
away from their Pafture, near the Place^
ten miles without flopping.

The Perivofhick's Skin is brown, in-
clining to yeUaw, being a mixture of

O white

194- -^ V^y^Z^ ^^ the North.

white- and black. The Ruffians make
Coats of them, but they are not much
valuM bccaufe the Fur is not long nor
the Skirl warm. I have heard they take
a great deal of Pleaftire to carry Squir-
rels and Ermines from one fide of a Ri-
ver to the other on their Backs, from
whence they derive their Name Perh/o^
{bicksy i. e. to carry a thing from Place to
Place.

Several Perfons have affur'd me that
the Squirrels in SyberU when they can
get nothing to eat on one fide of the Wa-
ter, will pafs over to the other on a lit-
tle piece of Wood, and make ufe of their
Tails inftead of a Sail. If the Wind fets
fair, they get over fomctimes, but if
it chaages^ they are infallibly drowhM
There are many more Reports, every
whit as extravagant, which have been a-
verM to be true relating to. Syberia^
but I will not impbfc farther on the Faith
of the Reader.

There is a Bird in the Neighbourhood
of Cnfan and JftracM about the bigntis
of a Wood cock, whofe Beak and Legs are
like a Snipes, and his Neck like a Cock's
both for Feather and Size : They fight
like the Gamecocks in England; they
ftand on their Guard when they put their
Beaks to the Ground, and when they
can do it to advantage, they leap at the

Enemy

A Voyage to the Norths ^ 1 9 5

Enemy with Vigour, and attack ^em as
violently as the Efjglijb Cocks of the
Game do. They are better to eat than
Quails ; fbmetimcs one may catch this
Bird near Archangel , where is alio to
be found a Bird as big as a Black-Birdi
refemblin^ a Hawk ; like him he flies af-
ter little Birds, takes them, pulls them,
clearifei them,and then eats ^em. There^s
another fort df Fowl as tall as a Swan,
which is brought from JftracAn^ his Body
and Feet refetnble thofe of a Swan, his
Neck is fhort, thicker and fo wide that
he will fwallow a Fifli fix Inches broad.
Some Travellers make mention of a
Plant in thefe Parts callM the Lamb,
\Vhich deftroys all the Herbs that grow'
near it, and then dies ; but as this Qua-
lity agrees very ill with its Name of a
Lamb, fo the Story is accounted fabu-
lous by Pcrfons of Judgment.

O2 ^ CHAP.

196 A Voyage to the North.

C H A P. XX.

Ajhort Account of Tzxt^vy : Of their
Marches^ their barbarous Diet ; of
the Colmacks ; and offotnefirts of
Muflmoms growing in Ruilia.

I Don't think 'twill be tirelbnic to
the Reader t before we finilh our
Voyage, to fee a fhort but true Relation
ofTdrfary which I learnt from the Lci-
rainer and other Perfons of good Intelli-
gence. I might make this Account lon-
ger, but I am unwilling to lengthen out
my Digreflion beyond this Chapter,after
wnich Khali return to my Travels, and
with it clofe my Defcription of the
North. The City of Criw,from whence
the TrinctofTartdryisAiM the Grand
Crim^ is the Capital of his Empire, 'Tis
fcituated on the T^rtrnM Sea, built of
Stone and Brick, and enconipafs'd with
ftrong Walls. The Taridrs are Tributa-
ries to the Turks J and 'tis not long (ince,
that the Czar of Mufcovy fiaid the Crim
of Tarury Homage, being obligM by
Oath to feed the CnVs Horfe with Oats
out of his Cap. The City oiMofcm alfo

paid

A Voyage to the North. 1 97

paid the Tartarian aTribute ofTcnThou-^
land Coats made of Stag's Skins: The
Mufcovites have for ten years paft refused
paying it, alledging that the Tartars
made void the Treaty by Inroads into
RujJisL^ and Robberies on their Borders.
Indeed they are very troublefome Neigh*
hours; if they are routed they vanilh in
a Moment, and difperfe one by one;
notwithfl:anding which they meet again
at Night at the Place of Rendezvous,
and the next Day renew their Incurfions
with as much Violence as ever. They
will march fourfcore Milesa day, in which
time they change Horfes thrice, each of
'em having three or four Horfes. If any
one of their. Cattel dies, either ofl Fa-
tigue or Sicknefs, they cut his Flelh put
in Pieces and dillribute it among their
Comrades , who eat it with as much
Gufto as we do Beef or Mutton. They
often devour it raw, but their common
way of Cooking it, is to put it between
the Saddle and the Back of the Horfe on
which the Tartar rides, and that foddcns
the Flefli enough for them to feaft
upon. Thofe Horfes that are in the
Pields are very difficult to be caught, be-
caufe 'tis almoft impoffible to take th^ni .
from their Company.

If a Tartar falls fiqk, they give htm
Mare's Milk and the Blood of a

O 3 . Horfe,

1 9S A Voyage to the North,

Horfe, whofe Veins they open <m
purpote.

The Reafon why they eat ho Bread
nor Salt iS) for that they beUeve Bread
to be courfe feeding, which renders fpch
as eat it heavy and unadive,and that Salt
is bad for the Eyes,

'Tis certain their Sight is better thaii
?ny Peoples in the World ; they can fee
forty or fifty Miles an end, when the
Profpeft will permit it, and caa di-
fcecn a fingle Man at the fame diftance,
where the RufftM cou'd not perceive a
Troop of Tartars.

They are excellent Horfemen, th^
ride with a loofe Rein, lift tliemfelves
up in their Stirrups and fhoot backwards
oa their Enemies that purfue them.

The Colmatk Tartars^ among whom
famerlave was born, have a large extent
of Qround about them ; they dwell in
Tents ^nd live in their Paftures; they are
bigger and more fwarthy than the Crim~
Tartars, and are not at all like 'em in the

Face; fome part of their Country is fubr-
j6a to the Emperor of RuJ^4,
. Their Women are as fit for War, and
love if as well as their Men 4 lately an
^rmyof them defeated the Crim-TarfarK
-7ho had carryM away feme pf their
'hudren mtp Captivity.

A Voyage to the Nartb, . 199

The CrimTart4rs are flat- FacM , their
Eyes are little and funk into their Heads ;
dicir Foreheads are narrow, their Shoul-
ders low and broad ; they are middle- '
fizM, as to their Shapes and their Make,
every way fo Angular that 'tis eafie to
difcover 4 T/irtar at firft fight, among a
hundred other Men. ^, .,.

They flat the Nofes of their Children
as fix>Q as they are born, thinking it to be
a piece of Folly to let therr Nofes ftand
in their light: They are all MAhomeuvs,
they laugh at the Worih'ii^the Mufcovites
pay their St. Nicholas ^ and maintain .
that they had better adore the Sun, who
is a glorious Body, the Life and Light of
the World, than tall down before wood-
en Images. See, fay they , Whst your
Gods come to , tphen the Pahting ts wcrn
ottty you throw them into the River mth
aCoptAci or two axd s little bit ef Olibanus,
Thus they fait down the Volga to the Cat-
piui 5w, there m take 'em up, ary them,
atul burn 'em to roajt our Horfe-flib h '**
lire. Are not thef* very fine Gods that/erve
ajinfiead of Faggots, and that can't rejtjt
thofethntfirMAtfiroythem} .

. Before I have done with my Relatiort
oiRujftA, I wilUay a word or two of
fcvcral Tofts of MuOirooms that grow
there and np where clfe. in thai Form*
TbetB are fcven which are molt re-
. ■. . ^ O 4 markable

a 00 A Voyage to the North.

markable.by their Figures and Qua-
lities.

The fort callM RixJbiees^ are a little
black and red, and fpring up in a Night
in the Marfhes.

The Smofzskies or Honcy-MuQirooms,
which Gerard caHs Fungi Farinofi^ recko-
ning them among Poyfons, are excel-
lent and very dear in Ruffia. 'Tis the
moil delicate Difli that is brought to the
Tables of Perfons of the highcft Quality ;
they put it in Soups and Pyes ; they come
up before the other forts in April dind Mmj.

The Grihheys are of a brownColour^or
rather of a black Yellowy the Tail of one is
like a PiUfier^ and fwells out in the mid-
dle, they come up after the Smotzakies.

The Fohitzis are brown and black,
mixt with red, and grow (harp at
top.

The Grouzhdys are the biggeft fort of
all of 'em, as hollow as a Honey^Comb,
and whiter than a Tulip when they are
dead : Before they are boyl'd they are
full of Juice^ fo tart and bitter that
'twill blirter the Mouth of thofe that taft
it : I thought I (houM have dy'd imme^
diately after I had put a Sup of it within
iriy Lips.

The Majkmicks arc fo calPd from
T^dJU^ which CigniGes Butter, Oil, Sewet,
^r any thing that is fat and oily. MmJU

A Voyage to the North. ab i

Cd»ovd^ is Milk or Butter^ Dmdv4nnA
Majld is Oil of Olives, or rather the Oil
of a Tree , for Denava is in Englifb a
Tree. The IMaJlamicks are brown and
large, and grow in July.

The Dofkfhomcks are white, large and
fpongy, and are thought to be a deadly
Poyfon, There are fo many forts of
Mufhrooms befides,and fo many of thofc
I have mention^, that I have been told
a thoufand Waggon-Loads a Year are
brought t(0 Mojcm. The Poor live upon
them, and the Rich make 'cma fecond
Courfe : Almoft all the Kuffidn -MuDhn
rooms are good to eat, and there are
very few of thofe Kinds which the Botd^
nifis call venomous.

This is the Sum of what I can inform
my fclf relating to Mufcovy^ either from
my Friend's Mem0irs,my own Obferva^
^ons, or the R^eport of Credible Tra-
vellers : I believe 'twill give Content ,
becaufe the Matter is new, no body ba-
ying faid fo much of it before : Ilhall now
return to my Voyage.

CHAP.

903 A Voyage to the North.

CHAP. XXI.

Of the Authors Departure from the-
Exiles^ and his Arrival at Papi-
nogorod : Of his Departure thence^
and his Arrival in Samojeda,
with a Defcription of the Countryy
Trade^ and the InhaUtants.

I Have in a former Chapter mentioo^d
our Adventure with the poor ba*
nifiiM Gentlemen, whom we took our
leaves of with reciprocal Tears, and
mounting our Sledges, travelled on three
hours bemre we met with any Houfe or
Habitation : We then difcover'd five or
fix Huts together, in which were about
a dozen Pcrfons : We askM of ^mby our
Interpreter if they had any thing to
Trade for our Money or Brandy ; they
brought us out what Skins they bad^
and we dealt with them for 'em.

We followM the Courfe of the River
Petzora^ which gives Name to the^
Town, and near the Banks of it came to
fmall Villages pretty often ; in Ibme of
'em we found Inhabitants, in others
oone : Where we met with any Body
to Trade with us we bought their Furs,

with

AV^age to tl>e North, ao^

with Money fome, but more with Bran-
dy. They wou'd not part with their
Sables, for fear of being dctefted by the
Govcrnour oi-P*p*»cgorod, whithe^ we
were going, who always fearches What-
ever Merchandize is bought thither, to
fee if there are no Sables among it. We
crofs'd the Mountains which divide Bo-
randu from SyberUf that was one of the
worft Journeys we had in all our Under- .
taking, thofe Mountains being difficult
topafs, and fo bar rea that no Creature,
Man or Beaft can livie upon them : Bc-
fides, they are almoft always coverM
with Snow, and towards the Afcent and
Defcent, there Are fuch vaft numbers of
Bears and white Wolves, that we were
afraid of our Lives, expefting every
minute when they would have fal'n upon
us, tho' perhaps we need not have been
in fo much fear, for thofe Anim?ils
were probably as much terrify'd at us, as
we at them. They fled before us, fome
on one hand, and fome on the other,
miftaking us by the glittering of ouf
Arms to be Hunters and not Merchants,
^e weretwelve hours croffing the Moun-
tains, and our Cattle had much ado to
haul us over'em; at laft we reach'd theDe-
fcent, and arriv'd at a Viflage in Sjbmf,
where the Inhabitants were all death d iti
Bcar-sfcins the Hair outwards, having

504 A Voyage to the North.

Linen Shirts on, and clofe Buskins, by
which wcpcrceiv'd we were come among .
People that were not fo barbarous sts '
thofe we had parted from. They in ef-
ifeft reccivM us more civilly, askM whence i
w.e came, and whither we were going.
We eat and drank together of tlie beft we .
had and they had ; ours was Bisket and
Brandy, theirs dryM Wolf-flefh and
Bears -flefh, Gingerbread and Spi-
rits. We bought all their Furs, except
their Sables, with ready Money ; we
refted in their Houfes, which were built
after the manner of the Laplanders ; we
fiept onBear-skins,after havingdrank each i
ofus a Cup of Brandy; when we awoke,
we got upon our Sledges, and travelled
without any farther Dealings for twenty
hours together,tin we came toPdphcgorod.
The Governour of the Place hearing
of our Arrival, orderM us to come to
his Caftle to examine for what and from
whence we came. We waited upon him
as we were commanded aad entred the
Caftle. He faluted us very friendly, and
our Accountant, who underftood the
Mufcwite Language, gave a[fatisfa£lory
Anfwer to all the Queftions he demanded
of him.
When he knew that we were Dmhs
] " and Dealers , whofe Bufinefs it was

t %Q buy Furs, he entertainM us as

hand-

A Voyage to the North. 105

handfomcly as he cou^i ; and to (hew us
that he had a great kindnefs for« and
confidence in us, he fent for his Wife to
come and fee us which flic did^ bring-
ing in one hand a Bottle of Brandy,and m
the other a Silver Cup, according to the
Mafcovife Fafliion ; as alfo a Plate of
Gingerbread which a Maid brought after
her. We falut«d her^as is the Cuftom of
the Country ; by bowing our Heads; ftic
prefently untyM the knot of her Smock-
Sieeve,and let it fall down to the ground ;
our Supercargo prefently took it up and
kifsM it^ our Accountant did the like
and fo did I. Then (he furPd it up
again with her left hand, and taking
the Bottle and Cup, which flie had laid
down to pay this Ceremony, gave to
each of us a Brimnner of Brandy, aad a
piece of Gingerbread, her fclf ftanding
at the end of the Table by the Side of
her Husband. She then returnM to her
own Chamber, and theGovernour after-
wards regaPd us with good Cheer. When
we had done Supper, we were conduced
to our Lodgings prepared in the Caftle,
and, confideringthe Country, lay in ve-
ry good Beds.

We flept about feve^ hours, and then
rofe, which the Governour having no-
tice of by one of his Servants, he got up

and

ao6 A Voyage to the North.

and came to fecus^ bringing, alfo a Bot-
tle of Brandy with him : One of his Do-
mefticks held another in his hand, and
fjird us out a great Gup for our Morn-
flings Draught ] we each of us drank one,
and after that we fell to Bufinefs. The
Governour demanded if we wouM buy
his Skins, our Supercargo faid he wou'd
if telik'd them, andcou'd agree on the
Price* His Furs were extraordinary well
chofen ; and tho^ they were the dearefi:
we met with in all our Travels, yet they
were the beft worth our Meney. Hay-
ing (een 'em, bought, and paid for them,
heorderM one of his Men to call inibme
of tjie Inhabitants who had Skins to di(^
pofe of, but he wou'd not fufier them to
fell one (ingle Skin till he had ^riv'n his
own Bargain.

While ourSs^rcargo was dealing with
the Governour, and his Nei^ibours, I
walk'd up and down the Town. 'Tisfci«
tuated in a very fine Commodious Place
in a little Plain, the Country about it
fruitful; ^t^ furrounded with high
Mountains, and near tt runs a large KU
▼er, well ftockM with Fift. TheHou^
fes are built very ordinarily. They are
lowland the Walls are of Wood or Mud,
chalkM between the Beams with Mo&
The Town is pavM with pieces of Tim-
ber laid clofe together.

The

A Voyage to the North. ao^

The People of Falhion in Pafino^oradj
are drefsM in Breeches and Stockings
of Cloth, and a long Robe over ^em of
the lame which comesdown to theirToes.
I'he Sleeves are made as ftrait as pofli*
fole, fbme of one Colour, arid ibme of
another. Their Shoes are like theP<?-
hnder^Sy they are rather Boots than Shoes,
are button^ a top, and the Leather is
dy'd fome of it Blue, fome Red, and fome
Yellow. Upon their Heads they wear a
Cloth Cap, liiiM and bordered, Ibme
with black Fox-skin Fur, fiMne with Er-
mines, and fome with Sables^ as ^ re-
prefented in ^ Figure 9. As fijr the
Women, they are Beautiful, Fair and
Fat. Their Hair is of a Light Chefhuc
Colour, and their Mein Gallant for 3ff^C(^
"vites. Their Robe or upper Garment like
the Mens came down to their Toes. 'Tis
alfo made of Cloth, either red, blue,
or violet Colour. The Shape of it rc:
fembles our JufieducorpSj 'tis lin'd with
white Fox-skins or Sable. Th«y have
long fleeves tyM to it, for they can^t pot
their Arms into 'em,becaure tll^eir Smock-
Sleeves are of fuch a^prodigioiiis length ;
fome of 'em are 5 BHs long ; they are made
of fine Calico, and plaited up frorn their
Wrifts to their Shoulders : - Their Head*
dre& is an ovul Cap; thcsir Hair is twi(^*
ed with Ribbons a3}d haogs a ioi^way

down

ao8 A Voyage to the North.

down their Backs ; their Shoes are made
of Roflia Leather, and they. have a Gir-
dle of Pearl pretty large round their
Wades. See the lo^/^ Figure.

Thofe that arc Natives of Sjhria d iflfer
either as to their Manners or Way of
Living from the Samojedes^ Bardndians^
and other Natives of the North.

All the Mufiavites are NicoUitMs by
Religion* They are grave, robuft, fwift,
and dextrous at fhooting with the Croft*
bow. There are no Chicumurs or Raf*
cally Attorneys in Kuffia\ no Villains
who rob the Poor out of Pretence to re-
cover their Right, who ruin the Father-
Icfs by feignM Attempts to fave their In-
heritances, and enrich their own Fami-
lies with the Spoils of their Neighbours.
The Mufcovite Law is all Equity, and
all their Courts of Juftice, Courts of
Chsmery ; but there is fuch care taken to
expedite Caufes that there's no occafion
of Complaint given, as in fome Coun*
tries who pretend to be morePolite. Palfe
Witneffes are feverely punifliM ; fo arc
Traytors, Robbers, and, if the Friends
of the Deceas'd profecute, Murderers.
The Ruffians J efpecially in SjhrU, are ig-
norant felf-interefl:ed Drunkards^ chur-
lifli, and fo jealous, that their Wives are
almolt always lockM up in their Ckam«^
bers, nor dare they ftir out when they

are

A Voyage to the NortB, ^o^

are more at liberty, unleft they arc ccfiri-*
irianded by their Husbands ; they arcf
fo far their Slaves that they ate afraid to
fliew the lead kind Look or Aftioia to^
wards Strangers, and if their Husband^
don^t beat ''em, 'tis fo cuftomary to dp
it that they believe they don't lov6

*em.

\Vheii we had bought u{) all the l^urJ
we likM at Pdpinogorody confifting of
White Wolf-skins, White Fox-skins^
Black of the fame, L^/^jcV, Sables, for
fome we had of the Go^/ernorby Stealth,
Erfrtines, and grey Squirrels, we packM
Op, and with what wfe bought at Petzord
tve had enough tcfload one Sledge, and
almoft half another. We had ftill fome
- Tobacco, and about five thoufand Du-
eats left. Wherefore cfur Supercargo
and Accountant, refolv'd to go farthef
tti get more Furs, arid to retdrn to our
Ships thro' SdmojiJd. 0\lr Brandy falling
Ihort, we bought the beft the Governot^
our Hoft had,and bargained with him fof
Provifions fufficient to laft twelve days,
ind for Rain-deer to Carfy uS to ou*
Journeys end. Whefl v^6 had qfuite dotid
dealing, and paid ouf Monefy, vi^e muft
have a drunken B6\it atpisrting, without
which there's no getting away fifom i
Houie in Ri^a : Wc eat and drank for

3 lo A Voyage to the North,

ten hours together, and then lay down
to reft eight more. When we got up, and
had harnefsM our Rain-deer, baPd up
and loaded our Merchandife and Provi*
fionsi^ we mounted our Sledges, took our
Leives of our Hoft, and departed. We
ran feventeen hours, and all the way
that we went, bought up what Furs we
cou^d light on of the SyberUns. yfjc
then croft the RiphdM Mountains in
JGx hours more ; after which we enterM
Samojeddy a defolate Mountainous Coun«
try, full of Juniper-Trees, Pinc-Trees
and Firs ; it abounds in Mofs as well as
Snow. Wolves, Bears, and Foxes all
white, we met every moment not to
OurKmall Terror^

When we defcended the Mountain
Stolpohen^ out of which rifes the River
BorfdgAtz,y we came to eight or nine
Houfes, where we ftopM, as well to
bait our Cattle, as to reft our Selves.
We truckM with the Inhabitants Brandy
for white and black Wolf and Fox-skins,
Caftor, and Otter-skins ; they had feve-
ral dozen of Ermines, which they wouM
fiot fell us on any Terms, notwithftand-
ing our BorMdhn Guide aflur'd them,
with athoiifand Proteftations, that there
was no manner of Danger, we being
Traders that were going to our Ships,

and

A Pbydge ^ iheNoftb. a 1 1

tihd c6uM not be fear chM before Wfe gOt
to the Coafts^becaufe we were not to pafi
thro* any place where there were Ol^ccrs
to fcarch for prohibited Goods^ They
would not hearken to us till we hadl drank
them all dowri,and when the Liquor was
;ot Dp into their Heads -^ they grew bold,
wrought out their Sables, and fold us
tke beft and moft that we pick'd up irt
all our journey. We (laid to reft oui?
felves in onfe of the chief HuttS id thti
Village. The Marter of the Houfe, his
Wife and Children lay all together higle*
dc-pigledey, and We among^em on Bears**
skins: After We had flep'd four or fivd
Hours J awdke at a noife our Hoft madfi
to waken hb Fimily : They all rofe and
Went out. I had the Curiofity to obfervd
theiii i t followM them at a little diftance^
arid perceived, they fell down atl od
tfceir Knees behind the Cottage, lifting up
their Hands and Eyes to HeaVcn to a-
dore the Sun, whom they believe to b«
God.

The Samojed^i are fjiorter and thickei?
thsln either the Laplanders or horandUnii
Their Heads are big, their Faces flat, as
are alfo their Nofes ; they have feared
any Hair at all, and are as fwarthy as thci
Gf ound itfelf : Thcit Drcfs is a roundCa]^
fufM liktf a tamb-skin, a pair df Breeches

f n aii4

2 1 1 A Voyage to the North.

and a white Bear-Skin Coat that comes

down no farther than their Knees : They

tie it about their middles with a Girdle,

! four Inches broad. Their Shoes and

I Stockings are made of the fame fort of

Skin^ the Hair outwards ; under their
Shoes they wear a fort of Skates,two Foot
long^made like ^Xiondola^mth which they
fUde prodigioufly faft on the Snow that
lies almoft always on the Mountains. In-
ftead of a Cloak they hang a Bear's Skin,
with black Hair upon it, over their Shoul-
ders, the Feet dangling down at the four
Corners of it. It hangs more on the left
fide than on the right,to leave their Hands
at liberty for the management of their
Bows. Upon this Skin they tie their
Quivers as is to be feen by the nth Fi-
gure. '

The Sd^fojedUn Women are uglier than
the Mtn, they will endure a great deal of
hardfliip, and take care to breed up their
Children well in the handling their
Bows, at which they teach 'em to be
very dextrous. They are dr^ like Men,
only their upper Garment is a little lon-
ger ; their Caps arethc fame with the
Mens» and all the difference in their
Head Drefles is, that the Women have
a Lock of Hair twifted, >yhich hangs
. down on tlieir Shoulders j at the End

there's

A Voyage, to the North. a i g

there's a Knot of Ribbons made of the
Rind of a Tree, and that reaches down
to their Heels. This is all their Finery :
They hunt as well as the Men, and
are armM with Bows and Arrows i»
they are, which appears by the 12th Fi-
gure.
The Husbands are true to their Wives^
and the Wives to their Husbands : If
any one among them is found guilty of
Adultery, either Man, or Woman, the
Criminal is immediately ftonM to Death.

CHAP.

914 -^ Voyage to the North*

CHAP. XXII

Of the Authot^s arrival at Zembia ^
0/"fJb^Zeniblians and their IdoIFS'
tizo : 0/ the Scurvy frequent in
tho/e Parts : Offijbing for theSe4'
Horfi^ md the danger in doing it*

HAving traversM Sdmojeda^ parted
with all our Wares, and Joaded
pur lelvcs with Skins^ we return'd to ^a-
r4»di4. In o]jr return we met with no
Adventures worth remarking; we made
syhat.hafte we could, and reachM the
<Coa fts of Borandta. In twelve days after
pur departure from Paphcgrody our Ships
rendefvousd at a Place on that Shoar
ijybgre we had appointed them tomcat
us. We loaded all our Merchaqdife sj-
poard them J paid ofFour BorMdUn Guide^
jnd embark'd. We weighM Anchor
two Hours after, and failM with a fair
^ind for ^embU^ where we arrivM the
fiext Day in the Afternoon. We caft
i^pchpr in a Place near \vhich we fpyM
ppon the ^hpar a Company of about thir^
fy Perfons, with Quivers at their Backs,
pn their Knees worlhipping the Sun ^ac

A Voyage to the Norths 315

was then about fetting. Our Mailers
and Super-Cargo confulted together
what courfe they fhould lake to come at
the Speech of 'em. They thought 'cm
to be more wild than any we had yet
feen, and that 'twould be difficult to get
them to deal with us. They refolv'dto
fend out three Long-Boats with ten
Men well armM in each , to "defend
thcmfelves in cafe they were attacked ; I
was commanded to make one among
them- We made to Shoar ; when wc
came about a quarter of a MileoirLand>
All thofe Savages who were ftill on their
Knees, got up and let fly their Arrows at
us; after which they ran away like fo ma-
ny Stags before their Hunters. They
ihot at us when we were at too great
a diftance from 'em to receive any hurt
by their Arrows.

We landed and purfu'd them to the
Place w hither we thought they were fled,
in hopes that we might be able to catch
one or other of 'em, which however was
not to be done : We lofl: fight of 'em,
and cou'd not tell which way they were
gone, yet we follow'd 'cm till we came
near fbme Mountains cover d with Snow.
Wc advanc'd farther into the Country^
where on.afmall HiUock we perceiv'd a
piece of Wood cut out in the Figure of a
Man^ with wretched Sculpture. Before it

P 4 were

> 6 A Voyage to the Nofth.

fxgire two Zjmhliahs on their Knees, their
) Arms lying by them ; they were wor-
ihipiog this Idol , as the others on the ^
Shoar were adoring the Sun. They fled
irom us, and it groWing Night we did
not care to purfue them very far ; they
ran into a Fir- Wood, and we thought
.*twoud be in vain to go after them : We
therefore concluded 'twas our bc^ft way
io return to our Ships and make- a Re-
port of what we had feen and done-
This Idol is calPd Fetizo , and refem-
bles the Figure j j^with the two K§mbU'
4f»s adoring it. One of our Matters had
been there before, and told ipe, Th^t the
Defvil enier'^d the Idolfometimes^ and from
h pronounced his Infernal Oracles.

Seven or Eight Hours after I was got
aboard again, I was taken with a violent
Pain in my Head and a Vomiting, which
, lafted three Hours ; afier that 1 had a
fore Throat,4rifoniuch that I cou'd hardly
fwallow any ^ing ; The Glands were
fwollen to a high degree ; I felt a great
Ehullitibn of Blood, and an Itching over
ill my Body ; my GAjms'fwcilM and bled
bightily , my Teeth (hook, and I was
fb faint,^ that I cou'd fcarce keep upon
fny Legs. I bft rny Stomach, and eat
pqthing, became ex^tream wiak and had
ia!; Fever almoft always upon me j my
|lredth was fhprt and offcnfive, I was
jrecydry, and to quench my Thirft I
^^■' '' ^^ ''' ^ .. - '• ' ofteii

Voyage to the North. 217

often drank Water and Vinegar. Per*
celvingmy Difteotiper continu d the two
foDowing .Days, and confidering that
'twas causM partly by exccffive Cold,
and partly by eating fait Meats, which
had enflamM my pituitous Glands in fuch
manner that my Phlegm^ had infefted
«iy other 'Humours, inftead of OyLywtt
or Water and Vinegar, I refolvM to take
fome Brandy and Syrup of Liquorifh, of .
which I drank a Spoonful every Hour.
I eat no fait Fifh, all my Food was frefh.
I gargPd my Mouth fometimes with
Brandy, and fometimes with Vinegai-,
to ftrengthen my Gums, and rubM my
Teeth with Mel Rofat. The grcateft part
of our Ships Crew were taken ill of the
lame Difeafe as my felf ; I prefcribM *em
the fame Remedy, and in fifteen days
time I curM them and my felf toa

Our other Ships Crews were as much
troubled with it as our own. Their Sur-
geons did whatever their Art fuggefted
to them , by way of Bleeding andf Pur-
gingjto cure them; but thofe Remedies ra^ ', .
ther ehcreasM than cur'd the Difeare.
Two of their Sailors dy'd of it, and one
of their Accomptants was likely to die,
as alio feveral other Mariners, upon
>vhich I was fent for to a Confultation*
I advisM them to do as I had done, and
to give over .?urging and Bleeding, which
" M ' are

ai 8 A Voyage to the N&rth.

are mortal in that Cafe. ^Twas obferv'd
in a very hard Winter ia FrMte^ that
this Diftemper, which fome took for the
vFIague, was occalionM by the Rigour of
the Seafon, and that fever al Ferfons dy 'd
imiAediatiely upon Bleedings which is oP
ooufe in Caoochymical Diftecnpers, or
in Plenitudinaries* Aocording to the M#»
thod of the Betsnifts^ Bleeding and Pur-
ging in fuch Cafes are good for nothing
but to weaken the Sight, to injure the
JtsTerves, to confume the radical Moifture^
to diminifh the natural Heat, to deftroy
Nature, aad in ibort, to diflodgp Men's
Souls out of their Bodies, fooner than
they oi^ht to go, and to fill the Church-
yards* However I wotiM not he under*
/lood to fpeak againft Bleediog in
foroe Diltcmpers; *tis good m aff twt
^nd Plethorick Cafes, provided 'tis not
jisM above twice or thrice*

Being once at Algkrs^ feveralof our
Crew were taken with this Difeafe,
which I call the Scorbute or Scurvy; their
Glands were fo fwoln, that one wou'd
have thought they had a piece of Flefli
in their Throats. They had the firae
Symptoms as Iinyfelf had on tbeCoaft of
^mkU:^ their Fiegm was iharp and cor-
ro^ve, itinteSed their other Humours,
9nd efpecially tfee Mais of their B]ood,.a$
|:he Fox does, M^hich is a Species jg^ it;

and

4 Voyage to the North. a I o

Slid I was forced to deal with myPatieats,
as if they had really been poxM, -not with
Mercury^ which by its cold,moift and ve-
nemous Quality e^afperates the Hp-
pioursofthe Body, and infers theVen^
tricks of the Brain, inftead ofdeanling
them, caufing a Flux at the Mouth , ^
by which vvitlK)ut Danger one may cure
the Itch, but not the Pox, the latter be*
|ng causM by a cold, moili: venemous Hu-
mour, oppofite to the nature of Mercury ;
aod this the Mercurialifts cannot deny,
as may be feen in my Treatife of tbej?0x.
There I have fhewn the way of cu^
ring that Difeafe with fuch Secrecy, that
thofe the Patient converfes with, flhall
know nothing of the Matter. The Scur*
yy, with which Seafaring Mea are fa
troubJed, proceeds from gro6 Vapours^
which come' from the bad Water they
drink, the bad Bread, and the bad Vi?
ftuals they eat ; the melancholy, clofc
and ,fowi Air which they breath, and the
Infefltiofl of Scprbuticks, only to be re^
medyM by Cordials.

I cou'd not forbear making this Reflei-
fldoB , which relating to the Piftempers
lacident tofuch as go the Northern V oyr
Jige, J hope will meet with a lavoucablij

ipjeception.

' We ftayM fixtcen Days on that part of
4hp C<»ft of Zjmbl^ where we ac firft

aio A Voyage to the North.

caft Anchor when our Crews were all
curM except three or four who were on
the mending Hand. Our Mafters feeing
there was a fair and frefh Gale, refolvM
to fail to f^^eygats^ to fifh for Walrus^ the
Fifh by us callM a Se^^ Hot ft. We failM
about fix Leagues,^ then cruis'd up
and down for the convenience of our Fi-
fhin§.: We kept near Shoar, ^nd put
out pur Long- Boats and fent our Har-
poniers and Fifhers in them, eight in
each, without reckoning the Rowers,
We were three Days a nflbing without
taking any thing ; at laft we fpyM two
large Fifh approaching us ; one of
^em had a Horn in his Forehead that
was of a good length^^our Fifhers pre-
pared to feize him ; they came within a
Stones cafl of him ; our Harponiers threw
their Harping-Irons at him, fomc on
One fide andfome on the other, letting
loofe the Ropes by which they were fa-
ftenM, and then they got off as nimbly
as they cou*d for fear of the Monfter.
See a Draught of this Fifhing in Fi-
gure 14.

When our Harponiers and Fifhers
law that the Harping-Irons ftuck in the
Fifh, they made towards our Ships (ides,
being fore they had him faft, becaufe he
fwam abo^c Water, which is a Sign of
his Weaknefs. They drew bim nearer

and

A Voyage to the Norths .21 1

and nearer by the Ropes that were fa-
ften'd to the Harping-Irons. The Mon-^
fter.cndur'd all without ftrugling ; he
had loft Co much Blood he had no
ftrengtb left. The Fifhers doing their
Office cut ofFhis Head, which we kept,
and flung the Body into the Sea^ it being
neither good toeat nor to turn into Oil*
People filh for the Sca-Horfe nieerly for
the fake of his Teeth, which does as
well as Ivory upon all occafions, where
that Bone is made ufe of ; *tis fMnewhat
in a Pound dearer, being whiter than-
Elcphants Teeth, and is not (b apt to
turn yellow as Ivory is.

The' Horn of the Sea-Horfe we took
was ten Foot long, 'twas very heavy,
winding and as big as a Man's Arm ;near
the Shoulder^twas very fmall,and fliarp
at top, growing bigger and biggei" down*
wards to the Root*

One of our Boats coming too clofe to
the other FiCb, thinking to make furc of
him, the iMbnfter as foon as he felt the .
Iron in his Sides, ftruck his Tail againft >
the Boat with fuch violence, in ftrugling :
to free himfelf, that it overfet the Boat,,
and the other Boats werefo far off, that-
before they cptfd get thither to .take up .
the Men,twoof them were drowned, for
whofe Deaths we were troubled , the
"" Prize bejgg by no means a Recompencc

.to-

aa» A Voyage td the Ndrtk

to us for the Lo6. TbeFiQi wastalreri
aod his Head cut off as the others was.
I faw it had no Horn, but to make a*
mends for that his Teeth were whitef
and larger*

We cruisM up and down four Days,-
before we fpy'd any more Fifh, wherc^
fore we refolvM to change our Station ;
as we were preparing to depart, we (aw
four of the fame Fifti which feemM to
be bigger than thbfe we caught^ fo we
furPd our Sails and made our Harpo-
fliers go out in our Long- Boats with th^
other Fellows that were employM in thef
Fiftierf 'i we took three of them, one e-
iciap'd us. That which our Fifhers
brought aboard the Ship I bclongM to,
had no Horn, neither had the other two
any ; twelve Hours after we difcoverM
five Fifh mote. Our Harponiers and
Fifliers got prefently into their Boats to
endeavour to take 'em, efpecially one of
'em, which had a Horn in his Fwehead j
but tho' the Fellows did whatever Men
cou'd do to catch 'cm, three of them
made their cfcapes, among which was the
homM Fifli 5 the other two were taken
and had their Heads cut off Two Hours
after we fpy'd three more, our Fifhers
went out after them, they took one
whofe Head was brought ^l>oard us, and
was fo big, that each of his great Teeth
^. weighed 29 Founds* Two

A Voyage to4he North. ii^

Two Days after we faw feven or eight
of thcfe Fifli, and a TiorhM one among
them. We put out all our Boats, and our
Fifliers were fo fortunate as to catch five
of them , of which one was the horn'd
Filh; *twas our Lotto have him ; bis
Horn was like that of the firft Fifh we
caught, but notfo heavy nor folarge^ it
being fcarce feven Foot long.

We ftayM there five Days longer, and
feeing nothing all that while, took
hold of a North North- Eaft Wind which
fprung up, and failM towards fVtjig^stf^
in hopes to pafs thofe Streights : \Ve
kf pt our Courfe pretty w-ell for Thirty fix
Leagues, but then we couM go no farther,
becaufe of the huge Pieces of Ice that op-
posM our Paffage, and the Moun tainof
Ice coverM with Snow, calPd Pdter iVb-
7?^r/,which lye at the Mouth of the Mdn
glacidley the frozen Sea, and the great Ses^
of Tart dry : If a Ship couM enter thofe
dreadful Streams, the Paffage to the Edji
Indies wotf d not be above a quarter (b
long as 'tis now, thro' the AtldHtukOctztu
For this Reafon this Streight is caUM
WeygdtSy in Efiglifi a Place one cannot ^
pafsthro\

CHAP-

a 1 4 -^ ^V^S^ *^ ^^^ North.

*i II >

-L^

CHAP. XXIIL

Of the Boldnefs of the Bears on the

Coaft of Zembia ; Of the taking

trpo Zemblians in a Canoe ; An

Account of firange Bird's^ and of

- the Inhabitants of that I/land.

WEcaft Anchor in thofe Streights
near the Shoar, on the Eaftern
Coaft of ^»^/4. One of our Seam^
knding there, and going about his ne«
ceffary occafipns, a Bear came behind
him and ft ruck him down with his Paw,
and wou'd certainly have devoured him
had we not perceived it. . We immedi*
ately firM a Fufee^ and by good Fortune
flbot him dead on the Spot 5. other wife
the ipioor Sailor wouM not fo eafily have
got out of his Clutchej>, He was not fooii
eas'd of his fears, and the reft of his
Comrades were fb terrifi'd by his Exam-
pie, that they durft not veftture a{hoar»
A litife while after there came three
Bears to our Ships fides and ftroveto
come aboard ; we cut ofFthe Paws of one
of *em Mjith our Hatchets, and fhot the
other With a Musquet. While we were

difpatcb^

A t^oyage to the North. i 1 5

difpatching thefe two, the third mount**
ed the fides of our Ship and entered it*
A Sailor who ftood near him, cry M put
as if he was about to be devoured, and
well ht might, for the Bear was at his
Heels. Weal] took up Oars and pieces
of Timber, by which we knocked him
down : Others fbot at him,and two more
that were fwimming towards us an^
killM them ; We thought this dcftru^
ftion of 'em wou'd hinder any more com-
ing near us, but we were miftaken^
for four or five hours afterwards^ wc
fpyM eight or ten upon the Ice^ who
taking the Water iwam towards us^

' which obligM us to handle our Arms
and fire at them : We aitn'd fo well^
that not one of 'cm efcapM us.

More and more ft ill approaching from
the Mountains, as if they declarM Waf
with us, we refolvM to retreat before
fuch a terrible Enemy, We weighed
A nchor and returnM towards the Place
where we firft anchorM, on the Wc-^
ftern Shoar of ^mbU.

After fifteen Hours Sail, ^^ got out
of the Streight by favour of an Eafter)y
Wind : We had much ado to avoid run-
ning agaihft Rocks of Ice that lay in our
way; At the Mouth of the Streight there

: is an Ifland which lookM very beautiful
aild green ^ 'twalcqVe^rM with Mofs^ Fii' '

ia6 A Voyage to the North.

and Juniper- Trees ; fome of our CrcW
went afhoar, and faw a fort of Birds
there fo big tjicy cou'd hardly fly. They
came an^ told us what, they had ieeO|
upon which I defirM leave to go aflioar
ijfrith about forty Men, detachM from the
three Crews, to hunt thofc Birds and
make Difcoveries. Wc kilPd about (ixty
oPemJome we fhot,and fome we knock'd
down with Clubs; their Carcafles we
carryM aboard with us. .

The Mafter of our Ship call'd ,thefc
Birds Penguins ; they are not nauch higher
than Swans but a great deal bigger.
Their Eyes are larce, fparkling^ and al-
moft as big as a Half-Crown. They arc
Iharp Beaked, of a brown Colour ; thcdr
Feet are clofe like thofe of a Goofe^ and
at their Gullet there hangs fomohing
like a Bag about a Foot long : It begins
juft under their Beaks and conies down
to their Breafts, widening as it length-
ens : ^Tis not unlike an Urinal, only 'tis

^igg^^» I" this Bag they put their Vi6hi-
als, and take it out of it when they have
a mind to eat, as may be feen by Fi«
gur^ij.

We were forcM to skin *em before wt
couM eat them their Skins being Tery
tough } and we bad much ado to puu
them and dreis tbemi : Thenefh wai
e^raor4kiary good> it taftesi lik^ that

A Voyage to the Nofth. a^j

1 Wild-Duck only 'tis fatter : Wc
eat heartily of it, and had not had fbchi
Feaft in aU our. Voyage. . .

Wc ftay M at Anchor offbf the Ifland^
Inhere we caught the Penguins two Days^^
and then a South* Baft Wind f)>ringin^
upweweighM aaain, and held oh our
Q)utfe North North-Weft: In 1 few
Hours we got put of the Streight, then
the Wind vetr'd, and we coaftcd it ajfbng
to the High O/^f, where Wc arrived in
about thirty Hours. That Cape is not
far from the Plac€ where We faw th^

- • • »

Zjmblians adoring the Sun^ of whoin I
have madenientioh in the jaft Chapter. .

His D4jiig/i& Ma jcfty having coramande4>
our Captains and Oncers to bring off

ibme -2^^//4;»/, if they cou'd poffiblydd
ic^ that he might learn of them what
Was the Growth and Riches of their
Country : : They dropt Anchor and re-
ibtvM to jdd their umoft to obey th^
King's Comitiand. As fooo as We werci
ready, fome ofuis went afiioar in our
Long- Boats to fee what we couM difco^
t^er, there Were thirty Perfbns in all, of
wh^m J ri(radc pnc.:. : \ ;: ...

Wt bad fct rce got ; c v^r the Ships jddc^
before ^e fp^^'d a ^imHijM in biiXIanAe;
abbuc half a . iJeag^e/off Lai^^riiirfto ficr
iog ^ ^kiag :i:fixwaxd^ ii^ 'M

'tmbty^ik]iBLtHi»$^^^^^ (w iss t&

ai8 A Voyage to the N6rth.

get up with hifii. As fobo as he Dbt Fooc
on fhore he took up his Canoe and ran
away with it on. his Shoulder^ fofvviftly
that wcpcrceiv'd *twoud bfi a difficult
matcer for u^ to overtake him^ He held
his Dart in his Hand all the while^ and
"yet did notfeem to be incumber^ in bis
Flight See the Reprefentatioa of this ia
the i6th FTgure

We landed and purfu'd him towards
a Hill which wcfaw hiramoiint^ but he
:was nimbler than we, and 'cwaj in vain
for us to follow him when oiice we had
loft fight of him : We there&>re gav6
over all thoughts of taking him, and rc-»
tuniMtoour Ships very forry that we
had mifsM the Prize. As we werc(ail-»
ing back to our Ships, wefaw twoJ^jw-
blsMS in a Canoe out at Sea ; they fpy--
ing us, rowM towards tiie Premonrories'
and Rocks on the Coafl: to hide them-
fclves ; bat' we took to our Oats fo brisk-
ly, that wc came up with them as they
were rowing with all their Might to-
wards a Rock : We furrounded thcifi^
being in four Boats, and when they found
they couM not efcape us, tb^i fct up a^
hideous Howling, tlie mc^ horrid Noife
that ever I heard in my Life. We car-
rfd them aboard with us, we tow'd
the Canoe, aiong having ^hQxoId it to
one of our Bosus ; \was like a Gondcm
' <' .'. ^/ in

«^ » »

A Voyage to the North. a i 9 '

in Form, fifteeh or fixteeri Foot m
length, and two and a half in breadth :
•Twas madeofthc Rib Bones of Fifll;
very artificially : The SiHes wereofFlQl*
Skins fowM togetlieri itall look'd like a
huge Purfe from one end of the Capoe to
the other ; the bottom' was of tliefame
Material with' the Sides. -, The 2;fw£/5>w
dre, fhut up in it as high as theiT Waftesi
adrbpofWater can't get^initoit,flid the^'
•cxpofe themfelves' in the bu'lelV Wea-
ther without beihg;afraid jjf f'oiindring.
We perceiv'd one of [tUe^ ^rhblUm we
liUH' taken was' a Man'j^'iad the other a
Wotnasn. We made all the, friendly'
Simis we coj^M to them; and.<iareli*a
mm ^ much to fihd oWt wheVe^tfieir
tfebii&tlbns'-'^re, but' Ve cdUM^Itrfrri
notbiri^.' Upon this thirty of 'ufe land-
ed a^m,, ' tcfok 'fdii'eral, I^ays iPVpviflpH
.■With tK^' and' went ;in twd'^n-dtips" A'cft
ktm'd, at ^bbut a hundred yards diftance

le.Tti^a'bit'ants.
;rns und^r the
i n^^r iTr^s'irf
cotf^itigfirany'
at wdy^ ^here^

„. ■ -y - i, — /"^^teP'^sC

mew us their Dwelluigs;,

\ We. S*r^rt two'DaJS b^fok weitOu'd

Q. J pofe,

«|0 A Vv^ge to the Nortp?

^ }{tj at laft our Centinek gave us no^
fice that they fpy'd two coming dovi^n a
^ill towards the Sea-fid^. Six of our Corp-
pany ftayM in the Cavern^ five more ao4
ow fclf removM f o one a little farther
pfty and a Quarter of an Hour after thefe
two ZsfnblUns pafsM by our Cavern
without perceiving us : One of our Coa[>-
panions ijiot ofFa Fuzee to givenoppe tp
Ihofe in the other Cavern tfaa^ they
Were hemmM in between us and them.
j^hej;i thtjV fame nc^ tlieir Cavcro,
they fallyVI^ odt and we ^xd, the like
from ours t The Salvages being thus ea^
trappM, faw^wasin vaintony^i, fpwe
eafily took them, !

Thplr Garments were of P^«^irw S^inj
ihe'ffeathers outwards ;. they o^d eachi^;
j;Miir of ftreight Efreeches qn , whiclj
^am^ down no farthi^than^ their :Ki3^
% ^jTaftcoat of the faine, t^. Sleeves ijp
longer thsfh tp their Elb6ws,i\thefiiftc^
their Arms was naked ; tneir Wa^coa^
iivere picked before and bfibinci, their
CapS;Wcrcin thpFoijaioff S^ij^aivta "

^ir [Stockings of the Jkjp^i^ S^^^^
ilje Hair outwards; 'Tl^o'tJ^^^^^ I>r(
was the fame, .yef. \fc fc^ pecipej^^^
which was the Man , a^'wl^ich/tha
woman. The»(an feemd tol>pabo|jt

AVoy4g6 to the North. s g I

Ills CkNsptexion iw^rthy, his ISTofe flat ;
lie had aeither Beard on his Chin , och;
Hair on his Head ; at his Back hung a.
Quiver futi of Arrows, and on hisShoiil-
dcr hecarry'd an Axe ipade of a Fi£br
Skin ; In his. other Hand he held; a Bow
according to Figure 17* .

The Woman was about Twenty years
oldf her Hair hung down on each Shoul-
der twifted in two Lock^ ; (he had blew
ilreal(son her Chin» and four or five oil
hop Forehead ; her Ears and Noftrils had
Hdes borM in thetn, in which (bme blew
$tonesor Rings of Filh-Bonc were hung.
Thofe in her Ears were as big as a Fil-
ber'd, and thofe in her Nofe as a Fea^
She held a Diart in her Hand as in the
J 8th Figure.

We try'd all the wiays we couM think
of to oblige them to fhew us where they
dweh, but they wx>uM not give us the '
leoft Token to di reft us. They were as
ftubbom a!s th6fe we ^ad taken in the ^
Qthoe, aod we wereforc'd to carry th?in
• aboard Mtithoiit making any further £>i&
cdveric^i When we brought th^pi to
liieir FclloW''P«ifoners , wc: peccejivM
they knew Qpe .another, tho' their Gar-
ments were quite -different , thcjfe we
took iQrji£e:i4iiioe beiiig dJtef^M in Sea-
Gatf^^Nodfifltbii)) nM tiiefa in Pgngni^s
SU^ ;:Xiie'i&i)^"arthe Sea^Calf^Skin vi^a

" 0.4 "*»*'

» 3 a A Veyage to the North.

put outwards i The Waftcoats of thofe^
Z^MUns were made of two Skins fowM
together, the Tails dangling the one
before and the other behind, almoft as
Jow as their Knees : Their Drawers were
very ftreight,The oldeft was about Fifty
years of Age ; he had a round Beard,of a
Chefnut- Colour, he had no Hair oh his
Head. The Woman that was with him
feemM to be 3© years old ; her Ears and
Nofe were boarM as the othtr Woman's
were, and blew Stones hung in them ;
her Hair was twifted and dangled
like her Country- Woman's. They were
both extream ugly, and the Man and
Woman {hortcrand fquatter, than either
the LapUnderSj Samojedes^ BofAniUns , or-
SyberiMs. They bad fq[ueaking Voices
and {linking Breaths, which latter was
dausM by their eating of Flefb without
Salt^or Fifh diptin Fifli Oil. They drank
nothing but v/ater ; we couM never
make 'em eat any Bread, Salt Meat or
Fifh, nor drink any Beer; they tafted
j^andy now and thfn , but hated the
Smell of -Tobacco. Their Needles, the
Points of their Darts and Ariiows, and
vlltlieirotherlnftrumems, were iixade
pf Fifli-Bones.

The wood Work of their Bows -and
Parts was wry heavy,of kted brtwn Co-
}mv \ that of their Arrows Is^m^iiih: l^b.

* '

A Voyage to the North, ^H

I rand whiter ; when they go they wad-
dle along like a Duck^ and are ot all the
Creatures I ever faw, of the Race of
Man, the moft unlike the Image gf that
Creature.

C H A P. XXIV,

0/ the Authots return and his ar^
rival at Greenland ; of'^tBefler-
ring-Finery ; of a. Storm ami^

: Meteors : Of his Journey tO". Hx^
cla : Of the Manntirsy Cujiomi
and Superfiitions of the jfl^nderf .;

and his arrival at Qq^nh^g^ix:^

... - . «

' f . <'* . . •

H E ^Summer-Seafpn being very
^ far adyandd^ for 'twas the latte^
enTof ^f^g/^Pi and the Days growjpg
ftiof ter J 'we having half an Hour morci
l^ight than we liad befpre, the Cold alfo
ericrea(ingi,i and all our (QofngSLBiota
longing to ifee their own CoiBjitry aeain;^ {
we weighM Anchor the Wind at North
North-Eaft , and held our Courfe Softif b*
Weft, We fail'd before thejWind.feve-
fal tiours, ^nd jtfien it vee^'d to^v^l^
^OUfhtBaft,! ,yfHfii obtigM .m<to. t^^
^uj Way Northward to endeavour to

reack

454 A Voyage to the H»\k: .

reach fomc Shear. We Coafted along
wkhaSoutb% £.Gale till we came to.
GretnUnd^ where the Wind fiiifted 3f^
ttin to Weft South- Weft,and forcM us to
Irop Anchor near a Fleet of fremh and
Dmuh Ships that were come thither a
fifhing^ the Whale- Fifliery being the
Trade of that Place* The Ships did not .
lye far ofFShoar, for the Whales as well
as the Sea-Horfe are caught near Land :
They are taken after the i&me manni^'
as we todi: the Sea^^HorCds^ and when
they are cai^ht^they are Qut R^pieces-and
Greafe taken out ofthenii^which is put in -
tora^huge Kettte and theked tb ©it; near
fi^me ^i^ which the Pifh^tnati build
for their Conveniency along die $ea«
Ihoar. ^Twas very, weli for our Z^m^
UisHs that we came where there was
fome Whale Oil to be had, they had loft
thtt!" Stomachs and cou'd eat fat>thmg
for want of it;* thicy^ cdu^d get fiotbing^
dk>wn unlefs 'twas foak*d , in^ that C>%
and all our Store was out* ,
-I fa wa Whale dV6fsM' there, thithad rid
Wsthan Thfeehtindted ahd fifty Potfn^
Weight of BoheMHhcfr fit fbriodice^ttta-
kers> befid^ the Oil that catn^ out bflie^
6rcafe. '/":•' /'/.:

We ftiyM bur two Days in GreiiUwL
the Wihd^ <I|rihglng up l^b^tli.M«i«
ive^dgh^d AflChcfr at|d;^r6cc§d^^^^

\
J

I A

AV^agt to the Ntrth. 'ajS
our Voyage hotnewards. We had a Cur
Gale all tbat Day apd the ibOowwig
IJighP, [ill five a Clock the ae^ Mont>
i'ng,;when we.J&w, three^uns in (he
HeaveoSjOae above iheother. ThefeMer
teors were fo like the true Sun irj bright^
nels and bignefs, that we couM noi'di«
ftlnguifl] the one from the other. We
^foperceivM foql Weather gathering to
the Southwaxd, and foon afterwards we
we^9 F overtaken by a violent Storm,
ivhidi( p|>l|g|cl;fs to furl moft of our Sails,
aii'cl|nre a Gunfor a Signal to pur Cora»
pany of the Danger we wer^.io , therelqi;
waf i^ij^g them to do as we .b<^ done.
We^yaoin:,Ielves.overforloft, anden^
f.irely fubiiiitted to_ the Will of Heaven.
T^ree -Hours after it blew terribly So^th^
Sout^j^ft, it tbunder'd ^with l<md^
Clspi^hia^ver X- beard before ;, the Se«,
Vfj^lb^xxjghaDa.o^rSHploto&'d, thae
we,aju^stpal^car0(OuriviiienSail, the
Yard W^'dtfliooft to the Ship's Deck.
Two Sailors ;Wei;ef9rc'd to tug M the
having isuchiadat

that Pay: aiid tba
iad concinuiqjj mi

t upfwttip Maiof
3v looking.

aa6 A Voyage to the North.

lookingjotind him cry*d out, fie (axv a
great. Rre: Our Mafter f?id"it .was
Mount HmU in l/r/iv^'a Mothitain that
buras like Attti or V,efttyius. TheWea-
ther being ftill fouf, Ve refolvM to'ifrafec
land as faft as we cou'd, tho^,we had
nothing to do there : We were afraid;
to keep out to Sea, our Shipj having i?rf-
fcr'd . much by the Storhi.; We arrived
iiear the Shoar about /N Ight, ''and as ^e^
by by, heard -dreSdftd Nbifes atXahd^
they 'were like the Fire pf feveral C^nr-
i»6n; after which we fa\^ Flames iffdft'
tot of* Mpunt 'HmU iS iBiindaridii ^ ' ' ' '
■'^'Vh f found ' fo mkny ' ,. Rocks • on' i5^
GoajR: oT this Iflc^artdthc S^avb'as fo foulh^
that we did not' car^ to veHrurp ' ne^-^
^r^thie Lavid thaK * Li^^e;; '-bbt bdir •^•^-
lot affurtng usljeundeffl'Giod' theL<Ioaft$
well,-' Ate- rsm^: into- Cjipe 'Mrf,' Vflere'
by thc'^iraf^Carc df-t^*<'Pffi)ei =w^
anchoi-Mift Miisr^d'^^i^^'^W^tii
broke he^ Beak head againfta Rcick, aM,
had like to havefpliY; i(H<foffl6^'r§ceWT
mj mor6 Damage thkH'\y^ttB:- *'^ '' ""^
We immediately, ^H^ iffiqiB^"'' W

•dhaflts of-thcothar ^ip^ ^aai^hi^Sfiylii^
Mii^-Wielandedqait a^YiHife^^caflW mL

City;%r'lfeigcf'TaWn^ of -!fl?/i;W^' • wli^

T,a:aocl ^g

A¥ojfAg€tatheNorf}r* 2,^7

aitt eight or nine D/^ifb Merchants, who*
Avere furpriz'd to fee us chefe; They en*
tertJiinti us very cordially, and toldtrs
that the Day before the whole Ifland
ilidoklb violently^that they thought they
IhouM he all fwaflowM up. They gave
tJS, good Wine, good Bread, and good
frem Meat j Thefe^s Plenty of all forts
of Cattcl in the Ifland, whieb abounds in
rich Pafta *es, and the Beafts that feed oa
^je^ni delight fo niuch in the Qaitofhe Herb,,
thatthe Inhabitants are forcM to ftint^em
to fuch a meafutp, or they//\i'0uM eat till
they burft., which they \Vou'd certainly
do, if they were (iifierM to eat their fil^
as'ino^^r Countries.

Our Captairi Supercargo^ and the.^
thsrs of bur Comdany, gave the chief
Mercljatrt^c f^fkehysin Intimation, that
they iW4>u*d faifl fe$uwbat Wj4» to be f^nm
the Ifjand that .was rare. The Merchant
prefently orderM Horfes to be got ready
fef attjof us it»t wxH willing to go for-
i^f iiitQthe CoUntrey. I faid'l woifd
mak^ on6, and w& mounted eight in all ^
t^^jL'eft havipg fiot-fo much Curiotity as
Wfc«!:30l¥)fe father toilay and drink at
J^K^^/r* Tbfi M^^f cb9nt fent one, of hK
5tt*%Ui$ and , two Iflapders ^long with;
i»ct0:b«our Gyidf^^ and / furniihU \ft
wiih ja 'JH9rfe*Load lof Erqvifions. . We
t^jtVsli^d two Days together: ip By-ways
uNV very

3^8 A Voyage to the North*

very di^c^ilt to pafs, rug^d and ilnfre>
quented ; At laft we caisie near Mounr
HeitU^ five miles off* it we f6und the
Ground ftrewed with Afhesand Punatce-
Stones,over which we pafe'd by tiic Foot
of the Mountain.

The' Weather ww very (erbne and
calm,and we (aw neither Fire nor Flames
come out of the Mountain : Upon this
^e refolv'd to so u^ to the top i but our
Guides infoirm^d us that if we went farther
ipire £hou*d be apt to fall into Fitsof fiery
Fumes,and 'twas impoflible to pull us out;
Thus afl our Company, except my felf«
declarM againft proceeding :I told *em if
they wou*d ftay for me I wou'd jgo up
my felf ; they promis*d they wou'<C fo I
alighted and preparM to aicend the
Mountain* One of the D*frtfir Merchants
whom we meeat KjrktbMTy and who had
accompanyM us out of Curiofity y i&id
he'd go along with me.

We gave our Horfes to our Guides
who ftay'd belnnd with the others who
came out with us. We footed it over
AQies and Fumice^Stones , 'ibniet^mei^
we were up to the dives of our Legs iff
Afiies, and yet we ftill^«nt for-wtfrljas
i£ we refolvM to reach fihe top of i^U,
We had noe gone far before we fpy^da'
FUdht of Crows and Vultutci, thachad
their Nefts in the. cop of tbd MbiiHtttin ^

A Voyage to tke North. ^ ^

veafcended half a League, and then feit
the Ground (hake under us ; we alio
beard fucha terrible Noife in the Bowels
©f the Earth, that it feemM as if it wofif d
ikirft open : At the fame time there ap*
peai^don all (ides Chinks^ out of whkh
liFuM blewi(h Flames, whkh ftunk like
the Stench of burning Brimftone« This
Sight made us turn back, for fear of be-
iogconfum\] to Afhes by them*

We had fcarce got down thirty yards^ '
b^re a black fmoaky Cloud afcended
out of the Mountain, fo that itdarfcenM
the Light of tl\e Sun, and coverM us fo^
that we cou'd not fee one another ; out
Feirs grew upon us, every ftep we topk,
for behind us rofe BlaftsofFire, Showrs
of A(hes and Pu mice^Stones, Which (ell
upem Ilisdiicfc as Hail, and this dreadful
Storm was attended with horrible Noifes,
whicVmade us cry out in a frightful man-
ner^ fancying that thz infernal Furies
WCTC commg out of the Mountain to de*
vour IK; Beudes wecxpefted every M6-
raitot that the Earth fhou d open and
fwallow us upy which added Wmgs to
odr Flight, and we ra;i ^s fad as we
eouM to efc^ipe the l^ftrt^cr ito ^fildf
our Cviriofity hadiMcpos^usi • ' '? - ^

Fear ipade us fo nimble, that kt k
quarter of an Hour wo dibfcended fo
much of tile Moufitftin^ as we were «

full

.*1L

»40 '^ Fayage to the Nbrth.

folj Hour in afecnding. When bur Com^
panions perceiv'd us come down fo fkft
vpon them, they fell out a laughing at us^
and their Laughter grew louder when
they faw: us ia fuch a Pickle, as black as
if we had been plungM in Soot. But
ibeir Mirth abated fo foon as we came
nearer them, and dropr down dead, for
fo they thought us, we being neither able
to ftir nor fpeak. They rubbM our
TerapIes,Noftrils and Hands with Vine-
gar^ and did what they couM to bring
us to Life again*

*Twas not long before we came to our
felvcs; they gave us a good Cup of Ca-
nary, and then we recovered Strength:
We told 'em what had happen'd to us,
and they rejoyc'd that we came off fo
well ; We all left the Foot oftbe Moun^
tain to go to fee two Fountains lo or
12 Miles off: The one is always boyi*
fng, and the other always fo cold, that
it turns every thing that's put into it
to Stone. About a hundred Yards off
the Foot of the Mountain, we faw a Fa-
mice-Stone as big as a Wine Hogfhead,
which had lately been caftoutofi*^/^.
pur Guides feeing^ that wc were afto*
nifliM at the bignefe of the Stone, faid
they had feen fe^teral much bigger than
that which ten Men cbu'd notlftir, and
that inftead ofFlamesiAihcs andPumice^

Stones^

A Voyage to the North. ij^t

Stones, there fometimes ifTuM out Floods
of Water as out of Spouts, fometimes
nothing but Flames^ fometimes nothing
but Amcs^ and fometimes nothing but
Scones.

After three Hours riding, ^x^edrew
near the two Fountains ; they are about
thirty yards diftance from each other ;
we came to the cold one firft, and I put
in a little Cane Ihad w my t^nd ; when
I took 4t out again, I was furprizd to
fee the end of it which had touch'd the
bottom, metamorphos'd into Iron, and
weighing as heavy as that Metal. From,
thence we went to the boyling Fountain,
at ten yards diftance ; from it we faw a
parcel of great Animals as big as Divers^
moft of them red, who were frisking a«
bout and playing together. .We flood
looking on them awhile, pleas'd with
the Novelty of the Sight. When we came
nearer the Place We few nothing ; and
when we were gone, they appearM play-
ing and frisking as before : They do fo
' when they fee no body, -but if any body
approaeheSfthey plunge down to the bot«
tomof the Fountain, which as our Guides
informM us, is fixty Fathom deep.

From the boyling Fountain we tta*
velPd towardsthe Sea-fide ; andarrivin[
within half a League iof it, we hean
Noifes like the Yiucos of Ferfons com-

R plaining^

a 4^ 1 A Voyage to the North.

plaining : Our ignorant Guides^ Natives
of the Country, wouM &inbave pcr-
fuaded us, that thofe Noifcs were the
Lamentations of the Damn'd, whom the
Devil tormented, and that when he had
roaded. them in the Flames of HecU,
he coolM them in the Ice on the Coafts.
Tho* wc did not give much Credit to
this IceUni Tradition , we re(blvM to
go fee thofe Seas d Ice , which bound
that part of the Ifk and no other. When
I arrivM at the Coaft I found that
tbeie imaginary Complaints were occa-
ison'd only by the Agitation of the
Wind and Water againft the Ice,beating
againft it and the Ice again!): the Rocks.
This Ice, faid our Guides, comes on their
Coafts in Jume^ and goes away the fif-
teenth of Seftemker ; 'twas the thirteenth
when we were there.

Having feen all that was worth feeiijg,
we returnM to t^rM/^f where we ar-
rive three Days after ; We ftay'4 a few
Hours in Town and then went aboard ,
where we found theGovernour of the
Iflc accompanyM with the^Bifhop of
&4:^(7/r, Vho came CO fee Qtir Ships and
difconrfe virith us, underftanding we had

The Ifiahders for the moft pairt dwell
in Caverni cut out of Rocks, the reR,
live in Hitts Jxiiit ^ficer the maofier ol^

thofe

A Voyage to^ the North. 243

thofe in Lapland^ (bme with Fifh*Bones,
and others with Wood coverM with
Turf: They and their Beafts lye under
the fame Roof; they are all ugly bothMen
and Women ; they are fwarthy and are
dreft like the Norwegians ; their Shirts
and Smocks are made of PackingXlothy
or Sarplier , and fome few wear Coats
made of Sea*Calf Skins, with the Hair
outwards.

They live very plainly, as do all the
Nations 61 the North ; they lye on Hay
or Straw in their Cfoaths with Skins up-
on them, and make but one Bed for the
whole Family,

All their Work is Fifhing ; they arc
Nafty, Rude and Brutal; they arc al-
moft all of 'em Wizards and Witches ;
they worfhip the Devil by the Name of
Kpidld : 'Tis faid he often appears to then*
under a Humane Figure, They have alfo
a fort of Houfhold-God or Idol, cut out
of a piece of Wood with a Knife very hi-
deous to look on, which they adore pri*
vatcly , and hide for fear ot the Luthe^
rdn Priefts, who teach them, as well as
they can, theChriftian Faith, and endea-
vour to deliver them from the Bondage
of Satan : But thefe Barbariam are fon-
der of their Diabolical Idol, and more
conftant to hir^, than fome pretended
Chriftiansto the pure Profeflionof their
moft Holy Religion. R 2 Some

344 A Voyage to the North.

Some Travellers have \vritten,and ma-
ny report that they have all Trolles^
which are a fort of Familiar Spirits ; I
fhallnotgoaboutto prove or difprove it,
but only report what I have heard on
the Spot,and leave it to the Readers to be-
lieve or disbelieve as they think fir.
Thefe Spirits,as I was informM by one of
the Danijh Merchants-, ferve them like
faithful Servants,and warn 'em of all Acci-
dents Ind Diftcmpers that wQu'd bcfal
them: They wake them when they
fleep too long on FiQiing-Days ; and if
they go about any Bufinefs, without ask-
ing their Advice, they never fucceed in
it.

They are alfo fo expert in the Magick
Art, that according to this Merchant's
Relation, they will fhew any Strangers
what paflcs at home in their Houfes.
They will let 'em fee their Fathers, Mo*
thers. Relations, Friends, or thofe that
they defire to fee living or dead ; and fell
. Wind to Sea- faring Men to carry them
to any Port whatfoever : Nay, this
Merchant was fo credulous, as toalfurc J
me ferioufly, that thofe who area fifbing J
under Mount HecU at the time when
any Battel is fought, let it be in any
part of Europe tho' never fb diflant,
can fee Devils going out and in at the
Mountain, fetching and carrying of Souls
very bufily. When

A Voyage to the North. 345

When fome of their own Friends die
and are tormented, after Death they ap-
pear to them very melancholy, tell themi
they are dead and arein the Hands of the
Devil, whb is a very hard Mafter •, that
they are condemn'd to live in HecU^ and
muft never come back to *em ; * fuch is
the Ignorance and Superftition of the
wretched IfeUnders.

ThcJ' the Fields in Ifeknd look fair,and
there is jplenty of Pa (lures, no Wheat
grows there, nor any other Grain fit to
make Bread with : The Cold is fo ex-
tream it kills the Seed, and blights by a ^
North- Eaft Wind, which is very violent
in thofe Farts.

Three Days after our Return from
our Journey to Mount HecU^ and that
we were a Shipboard, we took the op-
portunity of a North- Wind which ftood
fair for us, weighM Anchor, and fet
Sail, holding our Courfe South-South*
Eaft. We failM before the Wind feveral
Days, and then it blowing a very ftiflf
Gale, it drove us on the Coafts of Nor^
iPdy^ where we made the Promontory of
TdfOj a little City built on an Eminence
four. Leagues from, the Sea» : There, is a
fine Caftle in it, and we rejoicM that wc
were fo jaear Land , hoping that we
fliotiM foon fee iix end of our: Voyage*
We coafied along Shoar aboqt twelve

R J Hours,

Hours, and then the Wind changM ^;i^ith
the Moon, which obligM us to keep out
at Sea for fear of being driven back.
Notwithftanding\,our Caution, it blew
fo hard that we were forcM to drive be-
fore the Wind forty Leagues backward :
Then the Weather grew a little more
calm and funk as much : Soon after that,
we bad not Wind enough in our Sails to
ftir us. Nothing is fo todious to a Sailor
as a Calm, efpecially upon a long Voy-
age, when he has been out a confidera-
ble time,and is impatient to reach home.
% A Storm wouM be more welcome to
him : He cannot tell how to employ his
time, all his Thoughts run upon his
dear Country , made dearer to him by
many Months abfence, and his Impa-
tience to fee it torments him more und^r
the delay of a Calm, than the fear of
Shipwreck in a Tempeft. In about two
Hours we had a fVater-CloMd to the
South- Weft: Our Mariners were pre-
fcntly ftruck with dreadful Confterna-
tion, apprehending 'twoud fall upon us ;
we were obligM to furl all our Sails and
lower our yards down a Port , fear-
ing it wouM pour upon us« But it did
not come nearer than two Leagues ; we
law it fall at about that diftance. Thefo
Clouds are in Form lika black Colttmo
ffPlIli^r^ which appears in the Heavens

ovefthcSea, an4 if by Chance they fal\
on Ships* they fmk them to the bottom
with the Floods pf Water which poursr
down from them like Cataraasj efpe-
eially if it chance to fall perpendieHlarly.
The Wind fpringing North Nortb^Ealt,
■we proceeded on our Voyage lo happilly,
that in ten Days time we arrivM at Co-
fenhaguttt, where having fainted the Ca-
ftte we dropt Anchor, pat out our Boat

and went aflioar. . . » *

When we enter'd the City, his Ma-
jefty was inform'd , that we had brought
ibme Z^mbUans with us : He cominanded
us to bring them to Court, which w©
did, every body gazing at them as it
they had been born in another Worla.
The KING Himfelf admirM alike the
odnefeof their Drefsand the jlrangcnels
of their Figures. He order'd the Stew-
ard of his Houfhold to give Direaion®,
that they might be carefully kept apd
provided for, and be taught the Dantjk
Language, hoping he might -then get
Ibmething out of 'em, relating totneur
Country, that wou'd be beaefeialtq his ^
own. He commanded vs to give him
Account of the feveral I^laces we had
been at, of the Manners of the People,
and their way of Living : We gave His
Maiefty full Satisfadion in all his De-
mands, and went then to wait on our

R 4 Owners

'■m\

448 ^ A Voyage to the North.

Owners to inform 'enu what Markets
we had met with, and what Returns we
bad brought 'em home, which provM
mightily jo their Advantage and Con-
tent. '^'Our Ships were orderM up to
ChriftiM Haven to be unladeOi which
was done in two Days time. One of
the chief Merchants of the Company
Trading to the North , Prefcnted the
KING in the Name of the reft, with the
two Sea-Horns which we brought home
with us. He receivM 'em as Rarities
that were of ineftimable Price, believing
they were really Unicorn Horns, of
which abundance of Authors have writ-
ten, jind pretended there's a great deal
of Virtue in them. The KING com-
manded they fhouM be depofited in
the Treafury-Chamber, and promisM to

frant tke Company in Return, as many
'rivileg^s , as H was in the Power of his
Prerogative to beftow on them* The
Merchant who prefented the Horns, was
rewarded with a Chain of Gold, with
His Majefty's Pifture hanging to it, and
had a Licence to Trade Cuftom-Fre9,
- fori Term of Years.

• K**^'

CHAP.

. I

A Voyage t6 the North, ' . 249

C H A P. XVIII.

Of the Vnicorn^ Of the Virtues of its
Horn ; Refleclions on the Maps
and Charts of the North , and
the Errors Committed byGeogra-^
phers in their placing of Zeaibh^
Greenland, <J/2rf Samojedia.

Aving made mention of the Uni-
^ corn, whofe Horn is fo much fpo-
kenof, andvaluM for the .Virtues which
are attributed to it, I Qiall take this oc-
cafion to fpeak my own Sentiments on
the Matter, after I have given the Rea-
der an Account of the Sentiments, of o-
thers. 'Tis very difficult to decide,what
Creature it is vvhifch is properly the Uni-,
corn. There are feveral Aninials caU*d by
the Greeks Mouoeeros^ and by the Latins
Vitieornu: Its. among the Four footed
Beafts, feveral wild Afles and wild^ulls.
particularly the Bull of Fhrida. Ai^ong
Sqrpents it is the horn'd Afp and the red
Salamander, Among Fifh,the Sea- tidrfe
and many lAore, wliofe Names are un-
kncwn to E^ropeMs, There are fopi?
I'pwl, and ev?ri feme Infers, that'have

beea

been thought to be Unicorns, fuch as
the Flemifi and £;sr^//]!&Beetle,both which
are freauently mentionM by Naturalifts;
and behdes theie,other Animals of differ-
ent Kinds in the hdiesy have been by
fome fancy'd to be the Creature, cal?d
by the Latins Vnieornu.

Some Authors will have it to be a
Land-Beaft, others a Water- Animal,
and others an Amphibious Creature that
lives alike by Land or Water*

Fliny fays, the Unicorn is like a Bull,
ipteckledwith white Spots, her Hoof hard
and closM like a Horfes.

Mmfter writes, 'tis like a Colt of three
years old, of th6 colour of a Weazel, hep
Head like a Stag$, her Legs and Feet lit-
tle, and that her Horn grows out in the
middle of her Forehead about two Cu-
bits long.

Mdrcus Taulus the Venetisn lays , £hQ
refernbles an Elephant, only O19 is fbme^^
what lefs ; that her Colour is the famei
^d alfo her Shape or Form, excepting
her Tail which is like a Bulls ; and her
Head like a Hogs , but io heavy that
iBe cannot hold it up.

VhihftargiM writes, that her rfead is
like a Dragon's ^ in the midll of the
Forehead her Horn grdws out, of an
indlflferenir' Size, refembling* that of a
Snail J that fhe &as a Be«rd oa her Chia

A Voyage ta the North. a ji

like a Goat ; a long Neck, her Feet like
thofe of a Lyon, and the reft of her Body
much like that of a Stag, excepting her
SkiOj which is like a Snake's.

Hufiadorus adds, that Gic is fo nimble a
Bead, the Hunters can never com« at
her.

Louis Faradif fays, that fometime$
fhe's taken, and that her Food after-
wards is Peafe, Lentils and Beans ; thai:
file's not much bigger tl^an a largeGrey*:
hound, but is not of fo (knder a Make.'
HerBody is bigger,her Skin inCotour like
a Caftor's, only 'tis fleek ; her Neck fmall
but long, her Legs long add her Feet
cloven like a Stags; her Tail fhort, her
Muzzle like a Cows ; her Eyes great,
her Ears little, and between them grows
her Horn about a Foot long.

Their et aiBrms, i hat the Unicorn is as
big as a Bull-Calf fix Months old, that "
her Legs and Feet referable thofe of an
Afs,her Ears like aRain-Deer's,and that
her Horn grows up ftrait on the Top of

her Head.

. ' - • . < . ,.

Louis de Burthemey imagines the Uni-
corn is like a B^y-Horfe cloveii«footed,
and chac her Horn grows in the mid<)k'.
of her Forebead.

V«lnefs iays, that the Rbimeetos is th^r
Unicorn, Kjreher that 'tis the Sea<>Hotfey<
wWph h« aljS> 9all5 hmitt^ wl»erein< he

i^i A Voyage to the North.

is very much miftaken, for the Limia
is another fort of Fifh, callM by the En-
glifli Kdken^ of which the Inhabitants
oi Mdrtenico^ Gudrieloufe^ and St. Cbru
ftophep% and the other AmericM Iflands
Aand in great fear ; for they are in dan-
gcr of being devoured by 'etii as often as
they bathe in the Sea. It feems to me
that a kind of Negro which I have
heard of, is more probably the Unicom
than any mentionM by thefe Writers*
'Twas told me when I was in Guinea^
that there was a Negro Man, and that
'twas not very rire to fee one, who had
a Horn as big as a Rams growing out of
his Forehead, which reachM as far back
as the hind-part of the Crown of his
Head, as is reprefented in Figure 19.
Or perhaps it might be fome fuch Wo-
man as I have read of, who had a Horn
growing upright from the top of her
Forehead, and who having it cut , dy'd
in the Operation, 'Twas half a Foot
long, and in Colour refembledthatof a
Bull ; the Figure being like Fig. 2a

Albert fays. That the Bafe of a Uni-
corn's Horn is a Hand^s breadth and a
half in Diameter, and ten Foot long,

Lowiide Bartbemej that *tis three Fa-
thorn in length ; Mu^ftetj that 'tis three
Ctibits; Marcus PmIus^ that 'tis only
two Foot long J Louis Pdradis^ a Foot

and

A Voyage to the North. 253

and halfi Nicholas of F5?«waFoot; and
Cdrdan but three Inches.

PUny writes that the Unicorn's Horn
is black ; SoUnuso'i^i Purple Colour j Louis
Paradis 0^3, reddifh yd\o\v ; Jl^ert^ of
the Colour of a Stag's* Horn ; and others
that 'tis whiter than Ivory.

When I refleft on the feveral Opi*
nions of thofe who have written of
the Unicorn , and how they differ from
one another, I fometimes believe, that
each of them fpoke after his own Inven-
tion , to raife the Admiration of the
Reader : The Learned Baccj confirm'd
me in this Belief, in afferting th^t this
Animal, like the Phmnix^ having never
been feen by any one , each Author was
at liberty to fay what he pleas'd of it.

As for the Imaginary Virtues of the
Unicorn's Horn, they are confequently
fiftitious ; but fuppofing that what has
been pretended to be the true Horn was
really fuch, I will venture to affirm there
is no more Virtue in it, than in that of a
Stag,a Goat, or Elephant's Tooth, which
is made ufe of to ftop the fpitting of
Blood and a bloody Flux, whicn is done
by the afiringent Quality of thofe Horns ;
and that cannot fb properly be call'd a
Virtue as a necefTary Malignity. The
Unicorn's Horn, or what has been faid
to be fo, has neither Smell nor Tafle ,

and

and of courfe can have nothing in it of
fuch Cordial Virtue as is pretended.

5ince I came out of the North, I have
lookM over fcveral Charts drawn by the
inoft celebrated Geographers, and I
wonderM to fee that they had plac'd
ZjmblaDO farther forward in the Article
Pole to the Eaft North-Eaft of LdpUnd
than it is : 'Tis more to the Northward
than they make.it. They are alfo in the
wrong to divide it, from the Continent^
and to place it twelve hundred Leagues

' from Greenland sis m^Lixy o( 'em do, for
indeed 'tis contiguous with it. The Coafts

-- of Greenland join to thofe of ZjmbU^ and
were it not for the prodigious Snows that
fall there, and the rigour of Ae Seafon,
which renders the Place uninhabitable,
one might cafily go from Greenland to
Z^emblaby Land, and from Z^mbla^ paf-
fing the Pater Nosers a ridge of vaft
Mountains, enter Samojedia^ ajid thence
go either into the great Tarsarj or Muf

I admirM alfo that they did not make .
tbe^treights csX^diWqigat/c ^ above ten
Tremh Leagues long , whereas they are
five and thirty German Leagues in length.
They Qiew by their Charts that Ships
may by that Streight enter the great Sea
of T^tary ; which whatever they prp*
tend is not to t}6 done. Some have faid,

(hat

A Voyage to the North. 455

that in the Days of Prince MduricBy a
Ship palsM the Streights of iVeygatz^^ind
fail'd into the Tartarian Sea, which is a ^
plain Faifity as I Qiall make appear. This
Streight as I have faid, is bounded by
the Pafer Nofter Mountains, the leaft of.
which is half a League high ; and 'tis a*
greed on all hands , that they are Ice
which never melts. I 'am of the fame
Opinion,who having been in the Streights
and near thofe Mountains in the uog--
DaySy the hotteft Seafon of the whole
Year, was as cold then , as ever I was in
France in the coldeft Winter; which
Seaibn lafts there all the Year, ats Sum«
naer does in the Country olth^V arrets
and tfiat of MageUan^ both wbicti are in
the Antartick Pole.

As the Terra Auftralis is call'd Iffcog*
nita^ fo the Ttrra Sefteritrionalis may with
as much Reafbn be fo nam'd • Whoever
will . try the Experiment and go thither,
cither by Sea or Land, will without doubt
difcover Countries that were never difco-
verM befort, and that may be callM New
IVe^Us; in imitation of Colitmbus znd o*
tfasrs, who have fo nam'd the Places by
thciXL- found out. Democritus ^ Epicurus
aod Metrosbrus , were of Opinion that
there were feveral Worlds ; and on the
contrary, 1-krmes Tr ifmegifius z.nd P/ato^
Khotight tbiXQ was but one, inhabited by

Man

«i

356 A Voyage to the North.

Mao, formM after the "^likenefs of God
the Creator, and That that World had
no Beginning nor no End ; at lead the
knowledge of Mankind couM not find it
out. Our Geographers have confuted that
Sentiment, (hewing by their Maps, that
the Artick Pole is the higheft Part, the
Antartick the lowert, and the Equatof
the middle of the Globe ;' which docs
not very well agree with Strabo'^ who
will have Parnajftis in Greece to be the
middle of the World, as Berofus places
it on Mount Ararat in JJfd ; and feveral
Authors imagine that JerufaJem was built
in the middle of the Earth, according to
the Words of the Royal Prophet, He
has work* di put our Salvation in the middle
cf the Earth. To return from this Di-
greflion to the Pofition of Zambia in our
Charts, I wouM feign know of our Geo-
graphers where they place old Zjmbla:
I believe if ever they had b^en in the
New, they wouM believe there was no
other ; and that Nem Holland, tVe^frife^
land^znd tape d^Jguer j^rcin theStreights
of IVeygats^ and not in the Sea of Tarurj,
as fome of 'em place thmi. If the Per-
fbn who wrote an Account of the Great
Duke of Mufcavfs Dominions, had ever
been in the Country of the Ssmcjedisns ^
and was acquainted with their Cufl:oms
he wouM not have aifirmM tl^t they eat

Strangers^

A Voyage to the Nortk 257

Strangers, that the Great Duke fends
them Criminals to be devourM by theni
which is not true. I mufl: own they are
very dcform'd in Body and Mind, have
no Notion of God or another World,
believing their Souls and Bodies die to-
gether: They are the moft miferable
Wretches on the Face of the Eatth : In
the Summer they feed only on the JFIefh
of Bears, Wolves^ Foxes, Sables, Crows,
Eagles, and otjber wild Bealts and Fowl.
They eat it raw when they are a hunt-
ing, and only broil it upon the Coals
when they afe at home in their Cotta-
ges. In Winter^tipie they feed on the
fame Fiefih dryM in the Siin in Summer,
at which time they lay ujp ftor6 of it for
the Winter, when they have no frefli
Meat, unlefs they by Chance kill 'iBears,
who fometimes come; vtp to their very
Huts to devour them, When they are.al-
moft ftarvM in the Field. Notwith*
ftanding this J^arbarity'^they are ci^il to
Strangers, and entertain tnem heartily
with thebeft they have* , ThoVthey ap*
pear very (Cruel and Wicked ^ they are
not realty fo, but very fimple and ^ho-
neft ; and yet they border on the moft
wicked People in the World, the T^r-
tsrs and TingofinSj with whom they
have Comoierce as '^wdl as with the
SibmMS J BoTMdUns and LafUnders.

S 'Tis

35S A Voyage to the Narth.

'Tis true, in their Wars they are very
Cruel and often eat their Enemies .
when they take them Prifoners. But
then they are not eafily provok'd to go
to War , which perhaps is more to be
attributed to their Cowardice, than their
Love of Peace.

I hope the Reader will excufe all the
Digreffions I have made from my main
Subjea, J Voyage to the North ; 1 give
it him as I found it in my own Papers,
andthofe of my Friend ; if it wants the
Ornament of Eloquence it has the Ad-
vantage of Truth ; and tho' it treats of
things very much out of the way of
common Voyages, it delivers nothing
but what is certain, and what any one
that win take the fame Pains as- 1 have
done, and has the lame Curiofity, may
obferve in the fame Countries, But
they are fo difliant and fo barbarous, that
I believe few People will ever be curious
! enough about them, to enlarge thele Ob-
' fervations ; and give the World a fuller
Account of the Northern People.

Fl N/5,

* ■* I*

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Full text of "A new voyage to the North; containing, a full account of Norway; the Laplands, both Danish, Swedish and Muscovite; of Borandia, Siberia, Samojedia, Zembla and Iseland; with the description of the religion and customs of these several nations"

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